Celiac Disease

Question 1

What is gluten?

Answer 1

Gluten is a mixture of proteins found in wheat and related grains, including barley and rye. Gluten gives elasticity to dough, helping it rise and eep its shape and often gives the final product a chewy texture

Question 2

When should gluten introduced to infants?

Answer 2

Gluten should be introduced between 4 and 6 months; 25% greater risk of CH if gluten is introduced after 6 months

Question 3

HLA type and immune response

Answer 3

Patients with celiac disease express human leuocyte antigen which facilitate the immune response against gluten

Question 4

Why is there co-morbidity between type 1 diabetes and celiac disease?

Answer 4

overlapping genetic HLA risk loci;; HLA-DQ2 and DQ8 are important determinants of disease susceptibility in both

Question 5

What type of disorder is celiac disease?

Answer 5

T-cell mediated disorder
How? gliadin (a component of gluten) actives immune cells in the gut lamine. T lymphocytes are recruits and infilitrate. T-lymphocytes initiate an adaptive Th1 (subset of t cells) response and increased production of IFN-gamma and IL-15, result is profound tissue remodeling by activating intraepithelial lymphocytes

Question 6

Four types of clinical presentations of celiac disease

Answer 6

(1) classical
(2) atypical
(3) silent (have manifested mucosal lesion but no clinical symptoms)
(4) latent - existing but not yet developed or manifest (normal mucosal morphology)

Question 7

What is serology?

Answer 7

Serology is the scientific study of serum and other bodily fluids. In practice, the term usually refers to the diagnostic identification of antibodies in the serum.

Question 8

Complications of untreated CD

Answer 8

• dermatitis herpetiformis (cutaneous IgA deposition)
• unexplained iron deficiency anemia
• systematic dental enamel defects
• clubbed fingers

Question 9

Function of folic acid?

Answer 9

The human body needs folate to synthesize DNA, repair DNA, and methylate DNA as well as to act as a cofactor in certain biological reactions. It is especially important in aiding rapid cell division and growth, such as in infancy and pregnancy. Children and adults both require folate to produce healthy red blood cells and prevent anemia.

Question 10

Marker to monitor compliance with a gluten-free diet?

Answer 10

Serologic markers (serum IgA tTG) used to monitor compliance with a gluten-free diet