CE_PPI Flashcards
buyout
- The process of selecting suppliers and finalizing prices from any remaining subcontractors and vendors that are not part of the Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) process
MERV rating
- A measurement scale designed to rate the effectiveness of air filters.
MERV
- Minimum efficiency reporting value.
environmental impact statement
- Describes the positive and negative environmental
effects of a proposed action and usually lists one or
more alternative actions that may be chosen instead of
the described action.
green building certification
- Refers to the evaluation of a building’s design,
construction methods, and post-occupancy performance in comparison to a set of predefined criteria related to sustainable building practices, consequently achieving specific performance
thresholds. - Examples of green rating systems include ENERGY STAR®, Green Globes, LEED©, and BREAM.
certificate of insurance
- A memorandum that outlines the types and limits of the insurance coverages carried by the contractor for a project.
liability insurance
- Insurance that financially protects the insured against liability on account of bodily injury or property damage sustained by another
subcontractor
- One who has a contract with a prime contractor to
perform a portion of the work.
property insurance
- Fire and property damage insurance for a project during construction, usually purchased by the owner. Also called builder’s risk insurance.
subrogation
- The substitution of one entity for another with regard
to legal rights.
XCU
- The exclusion from insurance coverage for liability
arising out of
(X) explosion or blasting,
(C) collapse of or structural damage to a building, and
(U) underground damage caused by mechanical equipment.
surety
- An individual or company that guarantees to make
good to another party the debt, default, or failure to
perform of a third party.
gurantee
- A legally enforceable assurance of the quality of materials and labor furnished for a project, or of the length of time that a project or a part thereof will perform satisfactorily. Also called a warranty.
contingency allowance
- The amount included in a construction budget, normally 5% – 10%, to provide for unforeseen or unpredictable costs.
Davis-Bacon Act
- Federal legislation that requires the Department of Labor to set prevailing wages for government-financed construction projects.
multiple of direct personnel expense agreement
- An agreement providing for payment for professional services based uponthe direct personnel expense multiplied by an agreed factor.
Trade discount
- The difference between the list price and the actual price paid
bond
- An agreement under which one party (the surety or bonding company) guarantees to make good to another party (the obligee or owner) the debt, default,
or failure to perform as a third party (the principal or contractor). Also called a surety bond.
separate prime contract
- One of several owner-contractor agreements for a project, each of which provides for constructing a major portion of the work (general construction, electrical, mechanical, etc.) by a different contract.
addition (to the contract sum)
- An amount added to the contract sum either by an accepted additive alternate or by a change order.
indemnification
- A contractual obligation whereby one party agrees to guarantee another party against loss or damage from specified liabilities. Also called the hold harmless clause.
shop drawings
- Drawings prepared by the contractor, subcontractor, manufacturer, or supplier, showing how specific portions of the work shall be fabricated, installed, or both.
worker’s compensation insurance
- Insurance that covers workers’ job-related injuries, usually required by law.
bonus and penalty clause
- A provision in the construction contract for payment of a bonus to the contractor for completing the project prior to a specific date, and for a charge (penalty) against the contractor for failing to complete the project by that date.
cut sheet
- A short-format summary of a material or product’s properties and characteristics; often included in the product data submission.
- If the standard published data includes products other than those proposed for incorporation into the work, the contractor should clearly indicate which products are being submitted.
AIA Document G711, Architect’s Field Report
- Maintains a record of site visits or daily log of construction activities.
BAQ
- Building air quality
substitution
- A material, system, or product proposed by a contractor as being equivalent to that required by the contract documents.
observation
- On-site examination of the contractor’s work by the architect to determine in general if it is proceeding in accordance with the contract documents.
PERT
- Acronym for project evaluation review technique. A form of network analysis developed for military work and similar to the critical path method.
total quality management (TQM)
- An approach to the delivery of goods or services in which quality is determined by customer satisfaction and conformance to requirements.
clerk of the works
- The owner’s job site representative.
project representative
- The architect’s representative at the site who assists in the general administration of the construction contract for a project.
construction management
- Management services performed by the architect or others, over and above normal architectural services that contribute to the control of time and cost in the construction project.
supervision
- Direction of the work by the contractor’s personnel. Supervision is not the responsibility of the architect.
What should an architect do if he or she finds an unsafe condition on the project site?
- If an architect observes such a condition on the project site, he or she must immediately notify the owner and contractor.
What two parties should each receive a copy of an architect’s field reports?
- A copy of each of these architect’s reports must be provided to the owner and contractor.
Value Engineering
- The process of analyzing a particular material, assembly, system, or even an entire design to see whether the same functional requirements can be met in a less expensive way, or whether a product or system of higher quality can be found for the same cost
AIA Document A305, Contractor’s Qualification Statement
Questionnaire to provide information about a contractor’s background; to be filled out by the contractor.
AIA Document A701, Instructions to Bidders
Establishes project needs for contractor to submit bids.
Value-Based Selection
- The process that considers more than just the lowest cost, but also factors such as quality, schedule, and contractor personnel.
AIA Document A201, General Conditions of the Contract for Construction
- “Overarching” document used for design-bid-build projects.
Alternate
- A request included in the bidding documents asking the contractor to supply a price for some type of variation from the base bid.
Bid security
- Certified check, cashier’s check, or bid bond required to ensure that the successful bidder will enter into a contract with the owner;
- usually equates to approximately 5% of the estimated cost of construction or bid price.
negotiation
- The process in which the owner, with the assistance of the architect, works out the final contract price with one contractor.
environmental site assessment
- Analysis typically addressing both the underlying land as well as physical improvements to a property.
ESA
- Environmental site assessment.
Phase III environmental assessment
- Investigation involving remediation of a site with the aim to delineate the physical extent of contamination based on recommendations made in Phase II assessments.
Phase II environmental assessment
- Intrusive investigation that collects original samples of soil, groundwater, or building materials to analyze for quantitative values of various contaminants.
Phase I environmental assessment
- Report prepared for a real estate holding that identifies potential or existing environmental contamination liabilities.
IPD
- A collaborative approach to designing, fabricating, and constructing buildings where the architect, technical consultants, and contractors work as one team to reduce delivery times, reduce costs, reduce wastes, and eliminate litigation.
instructions to bidders
- Instructions in the bidding documents for preparing and submitting bids for a project. Also called notice to bidders.
schedule of values
- A statement furnished to the architect by the contractor reflecting the amounts to be allotted for the principal divisions of the work.
- It serves as a guide for reviewing the contractor’s periodic applications for payment.
guaranteed maximum cost
- An amount established in an agreement between an owner and a contractor as the maximum cost of performing specified work.
- Also called the upset price.
Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE)
- A review of the complete project after the client has occupied it for some time, typically from three to six months.
- A POE is not a standard part of the architect’s services.
project closeout
- The final portion of the construction administration phase.
- During this phase, the building work is complete, the structure is made ready for occupancy, and all remaining documentation is finalized.
post-completion services
- Additional services rendered to the owner by the architect following actual completion of the project.
mechanic’s lien
- A claim on property by those who furnish material or labor for the construction of a building. Clear title to the property cannot be obtained until the claim is settled.
waiver of lien
- A document by which one relinquishes the right of a mechanic’s lien against the property of another.
record drawings
- A term sometimes used to describe drawings revised to show changes made during construction. Sometimes erroneously called as-built drawings.
release of lien
- A legal document signed by a supplier of material or labor for a project, that releases his or her mechanic’s lien against the property.
final completion
- The completion of all work in accordance with the terms and conditions of the contract documents.
date of substantial completion
- The date certified by the architect when the construction is sufficiently completed. This is in accordance with the contract documents so that the owner can occupy the project for the intended use.
incentive clause
- A clause in a cost-plus-fee contract between the owner and contractor in which the savings between the guaranteed maximum cost and the actual project costs are proportionally shared.
punch list
- A list of items to be corrected or completed, which is provided by the contractor and usually expanded by the architect based on a detailed inspection of the work prior to substantial completion.
penalty
- A charge against the contractor for failing to complete the project by a specific date.
as-built drawings
- A term sometimes erroneously used to describe drawings revised to show changes made during construction. The correct term is record drawings.
certificate of occupancy
- A document issued by the governing authority stating that a building complies with applicable laws and permitting occupancy for its designated use.
completion bond
- A bond obtained by the contractor or owner that guarantees the project will be completed free of liens.
At the closeout of a project, the contractor typically submits five items to the owner. What are they?
- warranties and operating manuals
- final payment documents
- record (as-built) drawings
- certificate of occupancy
- extra materials
If a construction claim is made by the contractor, what actions may be taken by the initial decision maker?
- If the contractor takes this action, the initial decision maker may do any of the following.
– Request supporting data.
– Suggest a solution.
– Accept the contractor’s assertion.
– Reject the contractor’s assertion.
– Notify the parties that a determination cannot be made.
Bidding documents
- the advertisement or invitation to bid
- instructions to bidders
- supplementary instructions to bidders (if any)
- bid forms
- bid security information
- performance bond, if required
- labor and material payment bond, if required
contract sum
- The total amount payable by the owner to the contractor, as stated in the owner-contractor agreement, for performing the work under the contact documents.
express warranty
- A legally enforceable promise made by the warrantor.
cost-plus-fee contract
- An agreement under which the contractor, or the architect, is reimbursed for his costs as well as paid a fee for his services.
surety bond
- An agreement under which one party (the surety or bonding company) guarantees to make good to another party (the obligee or owner) the debt, default, or failure to perform as a third party (the principal or contractor). Also called a bond.
What is an allowance?
- An amount included in the contract sum to cover the cost of certain items not specified in detail. Hardware and other finish items are often handled in this manner.
payment request
- A contractor’s written request for payment of the amount due on account of work completed, materials suitably stored on site, or both. Also called application for payment.
What is the advantage to the owner of using a construction change directive?
This document gives the owner a way to order changes in the work before agreeing to an adjustment to the cost and/or time with the contractor.
What type of drawings must the architect keep a log of?
- Shop drawings require this type of record keeping.
liability insurance
- Insurance that financially protects the insured against liability on account of bodily injury or property damage sustained by another.
How is “contract time” defined?
This period starts at the date established in the agreement and ends at substantial completion.
Who is responsible for organizing a preconstruction conference, and which parties are required to attend?
- This meeting is organized by the architect and should be attended by the architect, owner, contractor’s personnel (project manager, account executive and superintendent), major subcontractors, and members of the design team (structural, mechanical, electrical, civil and plumbing engineers, and so on, as required).
In which two forms of communication may field reports be distributed?
- Hard copies and electronic formats may be used to distribute this document after a site observation.
Who must evaluate and approve the Statement of Special Inspections?
- The building official must review this document before special inspections can be incorporated into the project.
Which document requires that certain portions of the work be subject to special inspections?
- The International Building Code (IBC) requires special inspections of structural systems, manufactured or prefabricated items, unusual design applications, and certain materials to meet this code requirement.
If work is uncovered and determined to conform with the contract documents and the architect had not previously requested that it remain uncovered, who pays to uncover and replace the work?
The owner will pay to uncover and replace the work in this situation.
Who will pay for work to be uncovered when the work was covered contrary to the architect’s request?
The contractor will pay to uncover work when this situation arises.
Through whom must the owner and general contractor communicate during construction administration?
- These two parties must communicate through the architect unless stated otherwise in their agreement.
Which document defines the lines of communication among the parties during construction administration?
AIA Document A201, General Conditions of the Contract for Construction, controls this during construction administration.
What are two situations in which completed work may have to be uncovered?
This may occur if work was covered contrary to the architect’s request or when no specific request was made by the architect.
During construction, why must the architect speak directly to the general contractor and not to the subcontractors?
The architect is an agent of the owner and does not have a contractual relationship with this entity.
Who pays for additional field testing if the work does not conform with the contract documents?
The contractor must pay for this if the work is deficient.
What is the next activity after the contractor has completed the punch list?
- After the contractor has completed this, the next step is for the architect to make an inspection to determine whether the project is substantially complete.
For a large, complex building project, who usually hires the commissioning agent?
- This person is hired by the owner to coordinate the efforts of the building’s performance from the programming through post-occupancy phases.
What action may the owner take upon the acceptance of substantial completion by the parties?
- When this is reached, the owner may move in or utilize the work for its intended purpose.
Why would an architect provide a post-occupancy evaluation free of charge to the owner?
- This activity provides valuable information to the architect after the owner has occupied the building.
- It is a good marketing effort by the architect and maintains contact with the owner for potential future work.
What activity must take place if the architect determines the project is not substantially complete after a site inspection?
- The architect must notify the contractor of the work that must be completed to achieve this.
What post-construction activity is a prerequisite for LEED® certification?
- Commissioning of the energy systems is a prerequisite for this.
When does the contractor’s warranty period start?
This begins when the project has reached substantial completion.
Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE)
- A review of the complete project after the client has occupied it for some time, typically from three to six months.
- A POE is not a standard part of the architect’s services.
What is the architect not responsible for during the construction of the project?
- This team member is not required to perform exhaustive or continuous on-site inspections, or to be involved with means or methods of construction, or site safety.
Who determines the number and frequency of the architect’s site observation visits?
- The architect determines this during the construction administration phase at intervals appropriate to the stage of construction.
What is the purpose of the architect’s site observation?
- This is to observe the progress and quality of the work and keep the owner informed.
During agency review, what is the architect’s role in an integrated project delivery project?
- The architect’s role in this phase is limited to working with the permitting authority to show code compliance related to the building information model.
What other construction delivery method is most similar to the construction manager as constructor with regard to the many roles and responsibilities of the architect?
- With regard to the many roles and responsibilities of the architect, this delivery method is similar to design-bid-build.
letter of intent
- A letter signifying intention to enter into a formal agreement and setting forth the general terms thereof.
single prime contract
- A contract for building construction under which one prime contractor is responsible for the entire project, rather than having separate contracts.
blind nail vs face nail for flooring
project documentation
architect’s field report
Architect notes the observation in field report that includes:
- Report name and number along with Architect’s project number
- Date and time of observation and the weather conditions at the site
- Work currently in progress
- Number of workers present at the site or an estimate of the number, if the project is large
- Observation made, including any problems which may include photograph documenting the condition at the site
- An assessment of the conformance with the construction schedule and the estimate percentage of completion
- List of items to verify and action or information needs from owner, contractor or consultants
- List of any attachments, and the name of the person making the report.
plywood code
application and certificate for payment
schedule value
Macleamy curve
Architect’s Review and Response for submittals
- Submittals are generally marked in one of four ways, although the language used varies by firm.
– no exceptions taken
– approved as noted
– revise and resubmit
– Rejected - Firms stamp submittals indicating the possible responses and the date and initials of the reviewer. The architect can use the check boxes to indicate the action taken as a result of the review.
- The architect should also include comments or questions for the contractor and indicate the responses to any questions posed by the contractor.
- It is possible that the response to such questions may necessitate a change to the project time or cost; if this is the case, the architect can request that the contractor submit an RFI on the issue, which can initiate the change order process as necessary.
specification parts
- Part 1 of a specification outlines general information. This includes the scope of the section, definitions, related sections, quality control requirements, submittals, and warrantees.
- Part 2 outlines materials and includes lists and descriptions of materials, products, and equipment used in the project.
- Part 3 outlines the execution, which describes the installation methods of materials and products. There is not a fourth part to a specification.
