CE09 Flashcards
Where to listen for aortic sounds
Right sternal border 2nd-3rd interspace
In Preop Clinic, what is the most reasonable means to assess heart rate, basic rhythm, and pulse pressure?
Take patient’s pulse
With which heart sound does the radial pulse correspond?
S1
Which patients should receive preop pregnancy testing?
All with potential for child bearing
What is MAC
Minimum alveolar concentration - anesthetic concentration required to prevent movement in response to a surgical stimulus in 50% of patients
What is MAC bar
MAC required to block autonomic response to a surgical stimulus in 50% of patients
What is MAC awake
MAC required to prevent appropriate response to command in 50% of subjects
What is the most efficacious means for maintaining adult patient warmth
Convection
What nerve is contiguous with the humerus for part of its passage through the upper arm?
Radial nerve
How long does it take a drug injected into a vein in the ACF to reach systemic arterioles?
30 seconds
Side effects of etomidate
- Myoclonus
- Burning
- Adrenal suppression
Muscle relaxant exhibiting vagolytic activity
Pancuronium?
Sympathomimetic with negligible effect on beta-2 adrenergic receptors
Norepi
MAC-awake for desflurane
~2%
Normal base excess
0
Normal plasma bicarb
24
Define macroglossia
Large tongue
MOA of NTG
Causes the release of nitric oxide which vasodilates
Reason for propofol’s white appearance
Scattering of light from lipid emulsion
Contraindications for droperidol
- Parkinson’s
- Any long QT syndrome
Hematocrit definition
Volume percentage of red blood cells in whole blood
Layers of skin that you suture a CVP catheter to
Epidermis + dermis
Disease assc. with click-murmur
Mitral valve prolapse
Correct position for V5 lead
5th intercostal space anterior axillary line
Side effects of meperidine
- Seizures
- Antimuscarinic effects
Receptors that phenylephrine acts upon
Alpha 1
Max flow rate from oxygen flush valve
75L/min
Acronym SBO
Small bowel obstruction
What type of diuretic is furosemide
Loop
PERLA acronym
Pupils equal and reactive to light accommodation
What is anisocoria
Unequal pupil sizes
Assessing eye movements and reactivity to light is a test for which cranial nerves?
3, 4, 6
What is PMI
Point of maximal impulse, the furthermost point from the sternum at which the cardiac impulse can be felt (apex beat)
Which vasodilator can exhibit tachyphylaxis
Sodium nitroprusside
Intraabdominal pressure in patient undergoing exploratory laparotomy
760mmHg (since abdomen is open to atmosphere)
Which lymphatic vessel is at risk during left IJV cannulation?
Thoracic duct
Normal PaCO2
35-45mmHg
The following was obtained under room-air conditions: SaHbO 2 = 87% PaO 2 = 57 mmHg PaCO 2 = 57 mmHg pHa = 7.34 [Hb] = 17.8 gm/dl
What is this patient’s state of oxygenation?
Hypoxemic - sat is 87%
The following was obtained under room-air conditions: SaHbO 2 = 87% PaO 2 = 57 mmHg PaCO 2 = 57 mmHg pHa = 7.34 [Hb] = 17.8 gm/dl
What is this patient’s cardiopulmonary oxygenating ability?
A-a gradient is 21. Need to know their age to determine if this is appropriate
How to calculate appropriate A-a gradient based on age
- 5 + 5torr per decade of life after 20
2. 4 + (age/4)
The following was obtained under room-air conditions: SaHbO 2 = 87% PaO 2 = 57 mmHg PaCO 2 = 57 mmHg pHa = 7.34 [Hb] = 17.8 gm/dl
What is this patient’s ventilatory status?
Hypoventilation because the PaCO2 is 57
The following was obtained under room-air conditions: SaHbO 2 = 87% PaO 2 = 57 mmHg PaCO 2 = 57 mmHg pHa = 7.34 [Hb] = 17.8 gm/dl
What is this patient’s acid-base state?
Acidic because the pH is 7.34
Normal blood pH
7.35-7.45
The following was obtained under room-air conditions: SaHbO 2 = 87% PaO 2 = 57 mmHg PaCO 2 = 57 mmHg pHa = 7.34 [Hb] = 17.8 gm/dl
What is this patient’s acid-base condition?
Respiratory acidosis because the pH is low and PaCO2 is high
What right-sided pressures are considered pulmonary hypertension?
Any pressures greater than 25mmHg
Pulse pressure is used clinically as an indicator of…
Stroke volume
Which diuretic poses a risk of hypokalemia
HCTZ - because K+ is wasted in the urine
Normal PaO2
80-100
Normal fibrinogen value
200-400mg/dL
Physical signs associated with hypokalemia
- Weakness
- Prolonged NMB
- Ileus
Reference point for coronary perfusion pressure
Tricuspid valve
Reference point for cerebral perfusion pressure
External auditory meatus
Dobutamine infusion dose
2-20mcg/kg/min
Corticosteroid therapy can cause an increase in what lab value?
Blood glucose
Calculation for BMI
Weight in kilograms/ height in meters squared
BMI classification for underweight
Under 18.5
Normal BMI range
18.5-25
BMI classification for overweight
25-30
BMI classification for obese
30-40
BMI classification for morbidly obese
Over 40
Actions of hydromorphone
Mu agonist
Hepatic perfusion and oxygenation
- Consumes ~20% of O2 at rest
- Blood flow of 1-2L/minute
Epinephrine infusion dosage
1-20 mcg/min OR .01-1 mcg/kg/min
Drug infusion with photosensitivity
Nitroprusside