CE04 Flashcards
What is the preservative in succinylcholine and lidocaine?
Methylparabyns
How does the number of lumens in a CVP correlate with risk of infection?
More lumens=greater risk
What is the shortest acting NDMB?
Rocuronium
Whats the shortest acting neuromuscular blocker?
Sux
What is the RSI intubating dose for sux?
1.5mg/kg
What is the RSI intubating dose for roc?
0.6-1.2mg/kg (Hall uses 1mg/kg)
What is the RSI intubating dose for vec?
0.1mg/kg
What’s the easiest way to assess heart rate, rhythm, and pulse pressure during preop?
Palpate radial pulse
Which membrane is pierced by the SLN?
Thyrohyoid membrane
Which branch of the SLN is sensory?
Internal
Which branch of the SLN is motor?
External
What muscle does the external branch of the SLN innervate?
Cricothyroid muscles
What area does the internal branch of the SLN innervate?
Supraglottic region
What is the action of the muscles innervated by the SLN?
Tensing
What is the action of the muscles innervated by the RLN?
Adducting, abducting, shortening
What is the only muscle innervated by the SLN?
Cricothyroid
What 3 intrinsic muscles adduct the vocal cords?
LOT - lateral cricoarytenoid, oblique arytenoid, transverse arytenoid
What muscle abducts the vocal cords?
Posterior cricoarytenoid
What muscle tenses the VCs?
Cricothyroid
What 2 muscles shorten the VCs?
Vocalis, thyroarytenoid
What 2 muscles close the glottis?
Aryepiglottic and thyroepiglottic
Which vein is most at risk for an occult hemorrhage?
Subclavian - most likely to bleed without us knowing
Given an 80kg patient with an FRC of 30cc/kg, a tidal volume of 660cc, and a RR of 10/min - calculate time to preoxygenation
Time constant=volume/flow
aka FRC/alveolar ventilation
Time constant=(80kg30cc/kg)/[(660-176)10]=0.5
Multiply by 3 for 90% EtO2
=~1.5min
Which cranial nerves innervate the extra-ocular muscles of the eye?
3, 4, 6
Which nerves provide sensory and motor innervation to the soft palate?
Sensory - V2
Motor - X, V3
How much neuromuscular blockade could still remain with 1/4 apparent twitches?
90-95% block
How much neuromuscular blockade could still remain with 4/4 apparent twitches?
60-80% block
How much neuromuscular blockage could still remain with 4/4 full twitches?
5-10%
What does PTT measure? What factors are excluded?
Intrinsic pathway; excludes factors 7 and 13
What does PT measure? What factor is included?
Extrinisic pathway; includes factor 7
What are the normal values for PTT
25-35 seconds
What are the normal values for PT
11-14 seconds
What are the normal values for INR
0.8-1.2
What is the risk of IV catheterization in the basilic and cephalic veins
Kinking
What is the risk of IV catheterization in the EJV
Infiltration, airway obstruction
How do you calculate MAP
Pulse pressure/3 + diastolic
What are the normal NMB monitoring values for sensory thresholds
4-5mAMPS
What are the normal NMB monitoring values for motor thresholds
12-15mAMPS
Which vein has the risk of thrombophlebitis
Cephalic
What is the purpose of the drip chamber on IV fluid tubing
Monitor flow and function
What is the supplied concentration of etomidate
2mg/ml
What is the induction drug with garlic taste
Thiopental
When was the ASA classification system established
1941
How many tubes should you prepare to be safe and cost efficient
1
What should you not use to inject drugs into an IV port
Hypodermic needle
What does RAE stand for, as in oral and nasal RAE tubes
The creators - Ring, Adair, Elwyn
Under what lighting do you examine a patient for peripheral catheterization
Tangential task lighting
If a venous valve is encountered when approximately half of an IV catheter has been introduced, what action should be taken?
Provide fluid flow and advance the catheter
To obtain good IVF flow, what is a practical, safe height for the IVF bag to be above the patient?
90cm
What is the most numerous cation in human cells?
K+
Which IVFs are appropriate for dilution of PRBCs or contiguous administration with PRBCs? Which are contraindicated and why?
NS. LR is contraindicated because of the presence of calcium
Which IV fluids are relatively contraindicated in patients with ESRD?
LR
Which IV fluids provide realistic supplementation of potassium for potassium-depleted patients?
None
What is the unit of measure for a NMB monitor?
milliamps
What is the induction drug that causes hallucinations?
Ketamine
What is the induction drug that causes tonic-clonic activity?
Etomidate
What is the definition of leukocytosis
Elevated number of white blood cells (normal ~4300-10800)
What is the supplied concentration of ondansetron?
4mg/2ml (2mg/ml)
What is an indication to employ bacterial endocarditis antibiotic prophylaxis?
Patients with a prosthetic valve
How do you calculate PiO2
(Pbar-Ph2o) x FiO2
What value tells us the AMOUNT of oxygen in the blood
CaO2
What is cyanosis
Bluish coloration of skin and
mucous membranes that occurs when two or
more grams/liter of deoxyhemoglobin are
present
What is the name of the clinical exam finding where the finger tips and nail beds appear enlarged
Clubbing
What are the 5 pathophysiologic causes of hypoxemia
1) Alveolar hypoventilation
2) V/Q mismatch
3) Frank shunt
4) Decrease PiO2
5) Diffusion defect
What drug undergoes Hofmann elimination
Cisatricurium
What is the empiric setting for NMB monitoring
40mAMPS
Which NMB causes tachycardia
Pancuronium
Which NMB can cause bradycardia
Sux
Which NMB should you use for patients with ESRD
Cis
Which phase of the capnogram is the alveolar phase
Phase III
What are the attachments of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
Clavicle and manubrium
What physiological lung volume change is associated with steep reverse trendelenberg position
Increased FRC
What is the standard VCo2 levels at rest
200ml/min
What are the 3 patient variables that most often alter the stimulation threshold for NMB monitoring in the OR
1) Temperature38.3
2) Peripheral edema
3) Electrolytes
What tests are done to assess function of the vagus nerve?
Valsalva and Mueller manuevers
What preop test should you perform in women with child bearing potential
Beta-hCG
What determines the inspired partial pressure of isoflurane
Temperature
What oral temperature is defined as a fever
Usually between 37.9-38.3 celsius