[CE 41] Construction Plans (LE 1) Flashcards
1
Q
serve not just to separate the interior from the exterior environment, but also to allow the inside and the outside to have a relationship that create a means to control moisture, temperature, and ventilation, all while presenting the building façade
A
building enclosures
2
Q
depends on many factors, including the building size and height and the type of the ground surface and subsurface
A
foundation systems
3
Q
the above-ground portion of a building, composed of a framing system and exterior cladding
A
superstructure
4
Q
portion of a building below ground (which may be habitable)
A
substructure
5
Q
the below-ground elements of the building’s structural system that transfer the building’s loads into the soil
A
foundation
6
Q
these are designed to accommodate the load due to the structure’s expected use. Different systems are designed based on the occupancy information.
A
floor systems
7
Q
control heat, ventilation, air-conditioning, refrigeration, plumbing, and noise reduction, are designed to integrate with the architectural, structural, and electrical systems.
A
mechanical systems
8
Q
In this framework, building control is established by the mandating approving authorities such as the Building Official to ensure buildings and structures are compliant to these regulations and are adequately designed to ensure the safety of occupants.
A
National Building Code of the Philippines
9
Q
are design guidelines prepared by organizations of design professionals in their respective trades and are referred to by the National Building Code of the Philippines in the design and construction of respective building systems and services
A
referral codes
10
Q
this requires buildings and other structures to have adequate facilities to enable mobility within the building
A
Batas Pambansa Blg 344 - Accessibility Law
11
Q
the practice of creating accurate representations of objects for architectural and engineering needs
A
technical drawing/drafting
12
Q
an electronic tool that enables the rapid creation of accurate drawings with the use of a computer
A
CAD system
13
Q
Types of Construction Drawings: During this stage, the designer prepares schematic design or concept-development drawings which are preliminary sketches.
A
preliminary-design and concept drawings
14
Q
Types of Construction Drawings: these drawings are intended to be shown in an attractive setting for promotional purposes
A
presentation drawings
15
Q
Types of Construction Drawings: also called construction drawings, these drawings include all the drawings and notes required by the different allied systems called “trades” to complete the construction project
A
working drawings
16
Q
Types of Construction Drawings: these are technical drawings prepared by contractors and subcontractors, even suppliers who take part in the construction project to show how their product is made and/or assembled
A
shop and assembly drawings
17
Q
Types of Construction Drawings: provide information about specific parts of the construction and are on a larger scale than other construction drawings. Scale: usually 3 inches to 1 foot
A
details
18
Q
Multiview Projections: view of the horizontal planes of the building typically depicting the building as though cut approximately 3 feet from its floor
A
plan view
19
Q
Multiview Projections: view of a vertical cut through the building’s components, it acts as a vertical plan and typically contains information on the elevation of doors and windows
A
section view
20
Q
view of the vertical planes of the building, is typically viewed perpendicularly from a reference plane to show their relationship to each other
A
elevation view
21
Q
a system for representing three-dimensional space on a flat surface
A
perspective drawing
22
Q
are typically located in the bottom right-hand corner of the drawing frame
A
title blocks
23
Q
indicate the cut surface in a section view. They usually consist of fine linework, typically angular, giving a tone to sectioned surfaces
A
section lines
24
Q
consist of thin, broken lines of alternating long and short dashes. They identify as axes of symmetry of objects such as column, wall, or window
A
center lines
25
straight lines with zig-zag-zig offsets to show termination of a partial view or to omit portions of an illustration, thus allowing other more important options to be made larger
break lines
26
What are the Elements of a Built Structure?
- Building Enclosures
- Foundation Systems
- Floor Systems
- Mechanical Systems
27
What are the different types of Construction Drawings?
- Preliminary-Design and Concept Drawings
- Presentation Drawings
- Working Drawings
- Shop and Assembly Drawings
- Details
28
What are the relevant regulations and standards for construction projects?
- Architectural Code of the Philippines
- Structural Code of the Philippines
- Plumbing Code of the Philippines
- Sanitation Code of the Philippines
- Mechanical Code of the Philippines
- Philippine Electrical Code
- Philippine Electronics Code
- Interior Design Code of the Philippines
29
protects the structure from external moisture by conveying excess moisture to the drainage lines, control heat gradient so that the interior environment is protected from drastic temperature changes throughout the day
roof systems
30
used in several parts of a building’s exterior to secure the interconnected parts from being penetrated by excess water. These components move water away to the drainage lines.
flashings
31
combinations of cladding systems which envelope the building or structure, shielding it from the immediate exterior environment
exterior walls
32
building openings that provide natural means of lighting and ventilation
windows
33
chosen based on the function of the space and the amount of foot traffic. There are various
selection of this including ceramic tiles, wood, PVC flooring, and carpets
finish flooring
34
has an effect on the manner in which a space is experienced and perceived
lighting systems
35
a drawing that represents a view of the project from above
plans
36
depict the exterior conditions of the building and describe materials to be used and important vertical dimensions
elevations
37
usually used to clarify the building design and construction process
sections
38
If the drawing is large that it won’t fit on a single standard sheet, _______________ are used to
align them across multiple sheets
match lines
39
show the light fixture placements and types, ceiling heights, and materials, and anything else found on the ceiling plane
reflected ceiling plans
40
These are drawn at a larger scale than the overall building plans, allowing more details, notes,
and dimensions to be represented. Details about cabinetry and wall sections are often referred
from these drawings
interior elevations
41
Order of the Uniform Drawing System
1. Cover Sheet
2. Index Sheet
3. (H) Hazardous Materials
4. (C) Civil
5. (L) Landscape
6. (S) Structural
7. (A) Architectural
8. (I) Interior
9. (Q) Equipment
10. (F) Fire Protection
11. (P) Plumbing
12. (M) Mechanical
13. (E) Electrical
14. (T) Telecommunications
15. (R) Resource
42
Order of the Architectural Drawing Set
A-0: General
A-1: (F) Architectural Floor Plans
A-2: (E) Architectural Elevations
A-3: (S) Architectural Sections
A-4: (V) Large-Scale Views
A-5: (D) Architectural Details
A-6: (D) Schedule and Diagrams
43
its fundamental purpose is to protect the health, safety, and welfare of all people through the construction of safe buildings and environments
building codes
44
planar structural element that carry vertical load including its own weight; typically used
in building floors, roofs, and ceilings
slab
45
slab directly cast on ground level
slab-on-grade (grade slab)
46
supported in two opposite edges, the load is carried along one direction
one-way slab
47
supported in all four edges, the load is carried on both directions
two-way slab
48
supported only on one side
cantilever slab
49
longitudinal structural element oriented vertically that carries compressive loads
column
50
wall-like structural element that resists lateral loads; they are like reinforced walls
shear wall
51
a structural element, typically horizontal, that carries load in the lateral direction; resists shear and bending action
beam
52
beam that connects or “ties” two or more columns together, particularly where columns are slender to reduce their effective length and prevent buckling
tie beam
53
the part that transfers the load of the structure to the ground underneath; maybe classified into shallow and deep foundations
foundation
54
used to refer to foundations but mostly to shallow types
footing
55
foundation placed near the ground surface; used when the ground underneath can adequately carry the load of the structure
shallow foundation
56
foundation that is used when the ground underneath is not strong enough to carry the weight of the building, and as such needs to reach deeper, e.g. the bedrock, to transfer the load of the structure to
deep foundation
57
found in roof framings and typically runs from the ridge to the wall plate; usually lain in series along the length of the structure to support the roof
rafter
58
a beam on the roof structure that runs along the length of the structure supporting the loads from roof sheathing or roof deck
purlin
59
as the name implies, a member that runs longitudinally along the apex of the structure; supports one end of the rafters
ridge
60
horizontal member that provide lateral support to the walls
girt
61
the referral code of the National Building Code of the Philippines (NBCP) for all matters relating to structural design
National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP)
62
estimated by calculating the volume of the structural elements
concrete
63
may be estimated in different ways with varying accuracy
steel reinforcement
64
the amount of steel reinforcement, in kg, may be estimated as a proportion of the concrete
work
rule-of-thumb estimation
65
In contrast, we can refer to the plan and measure the lengths of all reinforcement bars and then from it, compute the weight of steel required
reinforcement length estimation
66
re bar unit weight
D^2/162
67
What structural elements are typically found in construction projects?
- slab
- slab-on-grade (grade slab)
- one-way slab
- two-way slab
- cantilever slab
- column
- shear wall
- beam
- tie beam
- foundation
- footing
- shallow foundation
- deep foundation
- rafter
- purlin
- ridge
- girt
68
sheets of the construction plan set showing the details of electrical systems and installations in a construction project
electrical plans
69
include details on telephones, intercommunication devices, public address systems, other communication systems, radio and television equipment, CATV and radio distribution systems, and also security systems
auxiliary systems
70
a closed path in which electrons from a voltage or current source flow. Circuits can be in series, parallel, or in any combination of the two
circuit
71
the rate at which electrical energy is transferred by an electric circuit (in watts)
power
72
electromotive force or "pressure" that causes electrons to flow (in volts)
voltage
73
the flow of an electric charge through a conductor (in amperes_
current
74
the opposition to the passage of an electric current (in amperes)
resistance
75
property of a conductor by which a change in current flowing through it induces (creates) a voltage (electromotive force) in both the conductor itself (self-inductance) and in any nearby conductors (mutual inductance) (in henrys)
inductance
76
ability of a body to store an electrical charge (in farads)
capacitance
77
electric current that reverses its direction many times a second at regular intervals. The power delivered to buildings through transmission lines
alternating current
78
A steady-state electric current that flows in only one direction. An example would be the current originating from batteries
direct current
79
the current, in amperes, that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating. Short for ampere capacity
ampacity
80
the voltage at which an appliance or electrical element is designed to work and the current consumption at that voltage
rating
81
the connection between the terminals of the service equipment and a point usually outside the building, clear of building walls
service entrance
82
the overhead service conductors from the last pole or other aerial support to and including the splices, if any, connecting to the service-entrance conductors at the building or other structure
service drop
83
the underground service conductors between the street main, including any risers at a pole or other structure or from transformers, and the first point of connection to the service-entrance conductors in a terminal box or meter or other enclosure, inside or outside the building wall
service lateral
84
usually consisting of a circuit breaker(s) or switch(es) and fuse(s) and their accessories, connected to the load end of service conductors to a building or other structure, or an otherwise designated area, and intended to constitute the main control and cutoff of the supply
service equipment
85
a device used to measure energy use, installed by the power service provider
service meter/metering equipment
86
a device that ensures that the rated current of the equipment or the ampacity of conductors. This includes fuse and circuit breakers
overcurrent protective device
87
an overcurrent protective device with a circuit-opening fusible part that is heated and severed by the passage of overcurrent through it
fuse
88
a fuse with provision for controlling discharge circuit interruption such that no solid material may be exhausted into the surrounding atmosphere
controlled vented power fuse
89
a vented fuse unit in which the expulsion effect of gases produced by the arc and lining of the fuseholder, either alone or aided by a spring, extinguishes the arc
expulsion fuse unit
90
a fuse with provision for the escape of arc gases, liquids, or solid particles to the surrounding atmosphere during circuit interruption
vented power fuse
90
a fuse without intentional provision for the escape of arc gases, liquids, or solid particles to the atmosphere during circuit interruption
nonvented power fuse
91
vented, nonvented, or controlled vented fuse unit in which the arc is extinguished by being drawn through solid material, granular material, or liquid, either alone or aided by a spring
power fuse unit
92
a device designed to open and close a circuit by nonautomatic means and to open the circuit automatically on a predetermined overcurrent without damage to itself when properly applied within its rating
circuit breaker
92
Types of Circuit Breaker: can be set to trip at various values of current, time, or both, within a predetermined range
adjustable
93
Types of Circuit Breaker: does not have any adjustment to alter the value of current at which it will trip or the time required for its operation
nonadjustable
94
Types of Circuit Breaker: no delay is purposely introduced in the tripping action
instantaneous trip
95
Types of Circuit Breaker: there is purposely introduced a delay in the tripping action; the delay decreases as the magnitude of the current increases
inverse time
96
a conducting connection, whether intentional or accidental, between an electrical circuit or equipment and the earth or to some conducting body that serves in place of the earth
ground
97
a single panel or group of panel units designed for assembly in the form of a single panel, including buses and automatic overcurrent devices, and equipped with or without switches for the control of light, heat, or power circuits; designed to be placed in a cabinet or cutout box placed in or against a wall, partition, or other support; and accessible only from the front
panelboard
98
industry term for panelboards used in residential or light commercial applications
load center
99
large single panel, frame, or assembly of panels on which are mounted on the face, back, or both, switches, overcurrent and other protective devices, buses, and usually instruments
switchboard
100
any material where electric current can flow freely
conductor
101
circuit conductors between the final overcurrent device protecting the circuit and the outlet
branch current
102
all circuit conductors between the service equipment, the source of a separately derived system, or other power supply source and the final branch-circuit overcurrent device
feeder
103
an enclosed channel of metal or nonmetallic materials designed expressly for holding wires, cables, or busbars, with additional functions as permitted in this Code
raceway
104
any device used to interrupt the flow of electrons in a circuit. Switches are essentially binary devices: they are either completely on (“closed”) or completely off (“open”)
switch
105
Types of switch: the most common one, used to control lights, fans, or
other devices from a single location. It has a simple ON and OFF marking
one-way or single-pole switch
106
Types of switch: generally used in industrial applications but can also be found in home wiring systems. Like the single-pole switch, a two-way or a double-pole electrical switch may also have the ON and OFF markings on them. These switches control a device or equipment from more than one location
two-way or double-pole switch
107
Types of switch: two-position devices actuated with a button that is pressed and released
pushbutton switches
108
Types of switch: actuated with a rotary knob or lever of some sort to select one of two or more positions
selector switches
109
Types of switch: a mechanical switching device used for isolating a circuit or equipment from a source of power
disconnecting/isolating switch
110
Types of switch: a switch capable of making, carrying, and interrupting specified currents
interrupter switch
111
Types of switch: a specific device or combination of devices designed to bypass a regulator
regulator bypass switch
112
any electrical device that provide illumination
lighting fixture
113
a complete lighting unit consisting of a lamp or lamps together with the parts designed to distribute the light, to position and protect the lamps and ballast (where applicable), and to connect the lamps to the power supply
luminaire
114
point on the wiring system at which current is taken to supply utilization equipment
outlet
115
an enclosed assembly that may include receptacles, circuit breakers, fuseholders, fused switches, buses, and watt-hour meter mounting means; intended to supply and control power to mobile homes, recreational vehicles, park trailers, or boats or to serve as a means for distributing power required to operate mobile or temporarily installed equipment
power outlet
116
outlet where one or more receptacles are installed
receptacle outlet
117
a contact device installed at the outlet for the connection of an attachment plug are installed
receptacle
118
provide automatic backup power in the event of normal power loss
emergency power systems
119
also provide automatic backup power in the event of normal power loss, but they have 60 seconds to engage
standby power systems
120
Specifications-related terms: constructed or protected so that exposure to a beating rain will not result in the entrance of water under specified test conditions
raintight
121
Specifications-related terms: constructed, protected, or treated so as to prevent rain from interfering with the successful operation of the apparatus under specified test conditions
rainproof
122
Specifications-related terms: constructed so that moisture will not enter the enclosure under specified test conditions
watertight
123
Specifications-related terms: constructed or protected so that exposure to the weather will not interfere with successful operation
weatherproof
124
The design of electrical and auxiliary components of construction projects in the Philippines is governed by the __________________________
Philippine Electrical Code
125
