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CDT Flashcards

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1
Q

What does IV stand for?

A

Independent Variable

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2
Q

What does DV stand for?

A

Dependent Variable

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3
Q

What’s the difference between IV and DV?

A

The IV is what the experiment changes to see if has an effect on the DV while the DV is what the experiment measures

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4
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

Prediction of the outcome

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5
Q

What does the hypothesis do?

A

States what will happen in the experiment

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6
Q

How is the hypothesis structured?

A

“It was hypothesised that POPULATION who presence/experience (IV) will predicted effect on (DV) than POPULATION who absence/do not experience (IV)”

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7
Q

What is the cerebral cortex made up of?

A

2 hemispheres

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8
Q

What is the name of the 2 hemispheres that make up the cerebral cortex?

A

The left hemisphere & the right hemisphere

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9
Q

What is the left hemisphere responsible for?

A

Receives sensory information from the right side of the body + controls the right side

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10
Q

What is the right hemisphere responsible for?

A

Receives sensory information from the left side of the body + controls the left side

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11
Q

Which skills/behaviours are specialised to the left hemisphere?

A
  • Language
  • Logic
  • Critical thinking
  • Numbers
  • Reasoning
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12
Q

Which skills/behaviours are specialised to the right hemisphere?

A
  • Facial recognition
  • Music
  • Visualising images
  • Intuition
  • Creativity
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13
Q

What are the 3 regions of the brain?

A
  • Forebrain
  • Midbrain
  • Hindbrain
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14
Q

Where is the forebrain located?

A

Sits on top of the midbrain

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15
Q

What is the forebrain responsible for?

A

Regulates cognitive processes

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16
Q

What is the forebrain made up of?

A
  • Cerebrum
  • Hypothalamus
  • Thalamus
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17
Q

What is the function of the cerebrum?

A

Its responsible for cognitive processes (thinking, memory, learning etc)

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18
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

A

Regulate the body’s internal environment

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19
Q

What is the function of the thalamus?

A

Receive information from the sensory organs and then pass it down to relevant parts of the brain for analysis

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20
Q

Where is the midbrain located?

A

The central part of the brain

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21
Q

What is the midbrain responsible for?

A
  • Movement
    • Processing visual, auditory and tactile information
    • Sleep
    • Arousal
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22
Q

What is the midbrain made up of?

A

Reticular formation

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23
Q

What is another name for ‘reticular formation’?

A

Reticular Activating System (R.A.S)

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24
Q

What is the function of reticular formation?

A
  • Screen incoming information to the brain to prevent overload
  • Alert important information to relevant areas of the brain
  • Maintain consciousness and regulate arousal
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25
Q

Where is the hindbrain located?

A

At the base of the brain

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26
Q

What is the hindbrain responsible for?

A

It controls and influences motor functions and vital automatic responses

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27
Q

What is the hindbrain made up of?

A
  • The cerebellum
  • The medulla
  • The pons
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28
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A

It coordinates fine muscle movements, posture and balance

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29
Q

What is the function of the medulla?

A

Control vital survival functions

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30
Q

What is the function of the pons?

A

Regulate sleep, arousal and breathiing

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31
Q

What is the deep furrow that divides the brain into 2 halves called?

A

The Corpus Callosum

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32
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

A bundle of axons which connects the 2 halves of the brain

33
Q

What is the function of the corpus callosum?

A

Enable communication between the 2 hemispheres

34
Q

Where is the corpus callosum located?

A

In the white matter of the cerebrum

35
Q

What happens if the corpus callosum gets damaged?

A

Disables communication between the left hemisphere and right hemisphere

36
Q

What is the cerebral cortex?

A

The outer layer of the brain

37
Q

How thick is the cerebral cortex?

A

Between 1-4mm thick

38
Q

How much of the cerebral cortex is visible from outside the brain?

A

Only 1/3

39
Q

What does the cerebral cortex look like?

A

A highly-wrinkled structure

40
Q

Why is the brain a highly wrinkled structure?

A

Makes the brain more efficient + increases the surface area of the brain & the neurons within it

41
Q

What does the cerebral cortex consist of?

A

4 lobes

42
Q

What are the names of the lobes that make up the cerebral cortex?

A
  • Frontal lobe
  • Parietal lobe
  • Occipital lobe
  • Temporal lobe
43
Q

What is a characteristic of the frontal lobe?

A

Largest of the 4 cortical lobes

44
Q

Where is the frontal lobe located?

A

At the front of the brain

45
Q

What are some key functions of the frontal lobe?

A
  • Control high order thinking
  • Motor coordination
  • Expression + regulation of emotions
  • Personality
46
Q

What does the frontal lobe do?

A

It integrates messages from all over the brain and coordinates appropriate responses

47
Q

What can go wrong with the frontal lobe?

A

Diseases and disorders can be acquired or developed naturally

48
Q

What happens if damage occurs to the frontal lobe?

A

Impairs the function

49
Q

What is the primary motor cortex in the frontal lobe?

A

Strip of neutral tissue at the back of the frontal lobe

50
Q

What does the primary motor cortex do?

A

Controls voluntary bodily movement through its control of skeletal muscles

51
Q

What does the space devoted to the body structure correspond to (primary motor cortex)?

A

The complexity of the movements associated with it

52
Q

Where is the Broca’s area located?

A

In the left frontal lobe next to the motor cortex for the lips, mouth and tongue

53
Q

What is the function of the Broca’s area?

A

Enable articulate and fluent speech production

54
Q

What happens when damage occurs to the Broca’s area?

A

Impacts production of speech

55
Q

What is the term associated with damage to the Broca’s area?

A

Broca’s aphasia

56
Q

Where is the temporal lobe located?

A

In the lower central part of the brain, near the ears

57
Q

What is the temporal lobe primarily involved in?

A

Auditory perception

58
Q

What are some roles of the temporal lobes?

A
  • Memory
  • Aspects of visual perception
  • Decision making
  • Object identification
  • Facial recognition
59
Q

How does the temporal lobe have an important role in our decision making?

A

Helps us perceive + remember certain features of an environment

60
Q

What are some examples of how the temporal lobe has a huge role in long-term memory formation?

A
  • Factual information
  • ‘How to’ information
  • Personal experiences
61
Q

What can go wrong with the temporal lobe?

A
  • Disturbance of auditory sensation + perception
  • Memory impairment
  • Disturbance of language comprehension
62
Q

What does the primary auditory cortex do?

A

Receive + process sound from both ears

63
Q

What does the left auditory cortex specialise in?

A

Verbal sounds (voice, words etc)

64
Q

What does the right auditory cortex specialise in?

A

Non-verbal sounds (music)

65
Q

Whats term does the term “Word Salad” refer to?

A

Wernicke’s Aphasia

66
Q

How does Wernicke’s Aphasia impact a patient?

A
  • Great difficulty comprehending speech
  • Difficulty speaking in a meaningful way
  • Fluent + grammatically correct speech
67
Q

Where is the occipital lobe located?

A

At the rearmost part of the cerebral cortex (back of the head)

68
Q

What is a key function of the occipital lobe?

A

Processing and interpreting visual sensory information

69
Q

What can go wrong with the occipital lobe?

A
  • Blindness
  • Severity + location of the damage determines the long and short term outcomes
  • Impairment to the perception of colour, shape, size and distance
70
Q

What is the primary visual cortex?

A

The final destination of visual information received from both eyes

71
Q

What occurs in the primary visual cortex?

A
  • Raw visual information is organised and processed
  • Neurons are specialised and respond to specific information
72
Q

Where is the parietal lobe located?

A

Behind the frontal lobe

73
Q

What does the parietal lobe occupy?

A

The upper back half of the brain

74
Q

What are the key functions of the parietal lobe?

A
  • Receive + process sensory information from the body and skin cells (somatosensory information)
  • Spatial awareness + attention
75
Q

What can go wrong with the parietal lobe?

A
  • Deficit function in lack of sensitivity
  • Tactile agnosia (inability to interpret sensation)
76
Q

What does tactile agnosia do?

A

Deficiency in recognising objects

77
Q

Where is the somatosensory cortex located?

A

In front of the parietal lobe behind the primary motor cortex

78
Q

What does the somatosensory cortex do?

A
  • Receives + processes sensory information from the skin and body such as:
    • Touch
    • Temperature of the skin
    • Information about muscle movement

Psychology (4 decks)

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