CDS Flashcards
The blood consist:
Blood cells & Plasma
The transport system of the body
Cardiovascular System
is a four chambered, hollow muscular organ approximately the size of your fist
Heart
Blood cells
- Erythrocytes - Red Blood Cells
- Leucocytes
- Thrombocytes
Location of Heart
o Superior surface of diaphragm
o Left of the midline
o Anterior to the vertebral column, posterior to the sternum
Components of Cardiovascular System
blood, heart and blood vessels.
Distributing channel
Arteries
is fluid portion of the CDS
Plasma
The CDS supplies _____ and remove______
supplies nutrients to and remove waste products from various tissue of body.
Arteriole includes
- Terminal Arteriole
- Meta arteriole
- Thoroughfare
- Channel/preferred
The capillaries are
- One cell thick
- Serves the Respiratory System
Function of Cardiovascular System
• Transport nutrients, hormones • Remove waste products • Gaseous exchange • Immunity • Blood vessels transport blood o Carries oxygen and carbon dioxide o Also carries nutrients and wastes • Heart pumps blood through blood vessels
Blood vessels includes:
o Arteries
o Capillaries
o Veins
Separates the arteries and veins
capillaries
General structure of the Blood vessels
- Tunica intima
- Tunica media
- Tunica advenitia
microscopic vessels
Capillaries
• A closed network of tubes
Blood Vessels
Classification of Blood Vessels
- Conducting Vessels
- Distributing Vessels
- Resistance Vessels
- Exchange Vessels
- Capacitance / Reservoir Vessels
Functions of Heart
- Generating blood pressure
- Routing blood
- Heart separates pulmonary and systemic circulations
- Ensuring one-way blood flow
- Heart valves ensure one-way flow
- Regulating blood supply
- Changes in contraction rate and force match blood delivery to changing metabolic needs
The arteries are
- Thick walled tubes
- Elastic Fibers
- Circular Smooth Muscle
• They are the thickest blood vessels
Arteries
Repeated branching
arteries
The arteries carry blood high in oxygen known as
oxygenated blood (oxygen rich blood)
The arteries are accompanied by
vein and nerves
the lumen in arteries is
small
Classification of Arterioles
- Elastic
- Muscle
- Arteriole
example of fenestrated capillaries
pancreas, endocrine glands, small intestine, choroid plexus, ciliary process
Examples of Elastic
Aorta and its major branches
Examples of Muscular
- Renal
- Testicular
- Radial
- Tibial
Veins without muscular tissue:
o Dural venous sinuses o Pial Veins o Retinal o Veins of erectile tissue of sex organs o Veins of spongy bones
• Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called
Arteries
Size of Capillaries
5-8 micron
Communication between vessels
Anastomosis
The smallest blood vessel
capillaries
Where the gas and exchange occurs
capillaries
Arteries doesn’t have
valves
Types of circulation
- Coronary circulation
- Pulmonary circulation
- Systemic circulation
- Fetal circulation
example of continuous capillaries
skin, lung, smooth muscle, connective tissue
large irregular vascular space
sinusoids
Size of sinusoids
30-40 micron
Arteriovenous Anastomosis:
- Skin of nose
- Lips
- External Ear
- Mucus membrane of GI & nose
- Erectile tissue of sex organ
- Thyroid
- Tongue
The conveying media is liquid in form of blood which flows in
close tubular system.
draining channel
Veins
the flow of blood between the heart and lungs
Pulmonary circulation
The veins carry blood that is high in carbon dioxide known as
deoxygenated blood (oxygen poor blood)
Types of veins
- small
- medium
- large
Size of arteriole
< 0.1 mm
Veins without valves:
o SVC & IVC o Hepatic, renal o Uterine, ovarian not testicular o Facial o Pulmonary o Umbilical o Emissary o Portal veins <2mm
Example of sinusoids
liver, spleen, bone marrow, suprarenal, parathyroid
Factors responsible for venous return:
- Muscle contraction
- Negative intrathoracic pressure
- Pulsation of arteries
- Gravity
- Valves
Body contains two kinds of capillaries
- Continuous
- Fenestrated
the flow of blood between heart and the cells of the body.
Systemic circulation
They have one-way valves which prevent blood from flowing backwards.
Veins
Some points:
- Problems with the cardiovascular system are common, but they don’t just affect older people.
- Many heart problems affect children and teenagers.
Two types of arterial anastomosis
- actual
- potential
example of actual
Palmar, plantar, Circle of Willis, Labial Intestinal arcade, etc.
The flow of blood between tow set of capillaries before draining in systemic veins.
Portal Circulation
Diseases and Disorders in CDS
o Blood pressure o Haemorrhage /stroke o Arteriosclerosis o Aneurysm o Coronary artery disease (cad) o Heart attack o Congestive heart failure (chf) o Anemia, hemophilia, and leukemia
Blood vessels that carry block back to the heart are called
Veins
The veins are
- Thin walled
- Large irregular lumen
- Have valves
- Dead space around
example of potential
Coronary, around joints etc.
End Arteries are
- Central artery of retina
- Arteries of spleen, liver, kidneys, metaphyses of long bones.
- Central branches of cerebral cortex
