CD.10 Flashcards
Recognizing functional groups and using functional group interconversion in synthesis
What is a chemical synthesis?
The process of carrying out a series of reactions in a particular order to produce a target molecule.
What are four things that a chemist should think about when designing a synthetic route?
- What starting material to use.
- What functional group alterations to do.
- What reagents to use.
- What order to carry out the steps in.
What are two important things to consider when choosing a suitable starting material?
It is be easily available in suitable quantities and cost-effective.
What are the two main types of synthetic reaction steps?
- Functional group interconversion
2. Changing the carbon skeleton
What are molecules known as when they have several different functional groups?
Polyfunctional molecules.
What is a test for an alkene?
React with bromine water, and it will go from brown/orange to colourless.
What is a test for a halogenoalkane?
Add warm NaOH(aq) in acidic condition then add AgNO3(aq). Precipitates will form: white (AgCl), cream (AgBr), yellow (AgI).
What is a test for alcohol?
Warm with acidified potassium dichromate(VI), and will go from orange to green.
Which type of alcohol will not be able to produce the colour change of orange to green with acidified dichromate(VI) ions?
Tertiary alcohol.
Which other functional group will also show the colour change of orange to green with acidified dichromate(VI) ions?
Aldehyde.
What are two tests for aldehydes?
Fehling’s solution and Tollen’s reagent tests.
What would be observed in Fehling’s solution test if an aldehyde is present?
Blue solution to brick red precipitate forming.
What would be observed in Tollen’s reagent test if an aldehyde is present?
Silver mirror effect.
What is a test for phenol and its derivatives?
Add netural iron(III) chloride and purple colour will be observed.
What is a test for carboxylic acid?
Add Na2CO3(aq), and bubbles of carbon dioxide will be observed.
