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CD 3 Flashcards

1
Q

This is what you describe any disease that passes from one person to another. It is usually mild and symptoms pass after a few days.

A

Communicable Disease

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2
Q

What are the most common Communicable Disease?

A
  • COVID-19
  • Pneumonia
  • Tuberculosis
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3
Q

This is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

A

Nature and Cause

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4
Q

This emerged in Wuhan City, Hubei, China in December 2019. Belong to lineage B of the genus Betacoronavirus. And is closely related to SARS-CoV (responsible for SARS outbreak in Hong Kong in 2003).

A

SARS-CoV-2

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5
Q

Ways of Exposure:

A
  1. Inhalation of very fine respiratory droplets and aerosol particles.
  2. Deposition of respiratory droplets and particles on exposed mucous membranes in the mouth, nose, or eye by direct splashes and sprays.
  3. Touching mucous membranes with hands that have been soiled either directly by virus-containing respiratory fluids or indirectly by touching surfaces with virus on them.
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6
Q

What are the most common symptoms after exposure?

A
  • Fever
  • Cough
  • Tiredness
  • Loss of taste and/or smell
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7
Q

What are the least common symptoms after exposure?

A
  • Sore throat
  • Headache
  • Aches and pains
  • Diarrhea
  • Rash on skin or discoloration of fingers or toes
  • Red or irritated eyes
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8
Q

What are the serious symptoms after exposure?

A
  • Difficulty of breathing or shortness of breath
  • Loss of speech or mobility or confusion
  • Chest pain
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9
Q

Prevention & Control for Less Exposure

A
  1. Practice frequent and proper handwashing
  2. Practice proper cough etiquette
  3. Cover mouth and nose using tissue when coughing or sneezing
  4. Move away from people when coughing
  5. Do not spit in public
  6. Throw away used tissues properly
  7. Always wash your hands after sneezing or coughing
  8. Wear protective gear
  9. Maintain distance of at least 1m
  10. Avoid unprotected contact with farm or wild animals
  11. Ensure that food is well-cooked
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10
Q

In nature, this is when the alveoli is filled with pus and fluid, which makes breathing painful and limits oxygen intake.

A

Pneumonia

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11
Q

Which type of causative agent is the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia in children?

A

Streptococcus Pneumoniae

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12
Q

Which type of causative agent is the 2nd most common cause of bacterial pneumonia?

A

Haemophilus Influenza Type B (Hib)

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13
Q

Which type of causative agent is the most common viral
cause?

A

Respiratory Syncytial Virus

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14
Q

This is one of the most common causes of pneumonia and responsible for at least one quarter of all pneumonia deaths in HIV-infected infants.

A

HIV Pneumocystis Jiroveci

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15
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Pneumonia

A
  1. Cough (yellow, green, or bloody mucus)
  2. Fever, sweating, ang shaking chills
  3. Shortness of breath
  4. Rapid, shallow breathing
  5. Sharp or stabbing chest pain that gets worse when you breathe deeply or cough
  6. Loss of appetite, low energy, and fatigue
  7. Nausea or vomiting (usually children)
  8. Confusion (usually adults)
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16
Q

Mode of Transmission of Pneumonia

A
  1. Air-borne
  2. Droplets (from cough or sneeze)
  3. Through blood (during or shortly after birth)
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17
Q

Prevention for Pneumonia

A
  1. Immunization against Hib, pneumococcus, measles, and whooping cough (pertussis)
  2. Adequate nutrition to improve children’s natural defenses (exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life)
  3. Addressing environmental factors
  4. Good hygiene
  5. Antibiotic cotrimoxazole (for children infected with HIV)
18
Q

This is a contagious infection that usually attacks your lungs. It can spread to other parts of the body (brain and spine).

A

Tuberculosis

19
Q

Causative Agent of Tuberculosis.

A

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

20
Q

This type of tuberculosis have the germs in your body but the immune system keeps them from spreading. This is asymptomatic and not contagious. The infection is still alive and can be active one day.

A

Latent TB

21
Q

This type of Tuberculosis have germs multiple/multiply and make you sick and it can spread the disease to others.

A

Active TB

22
Q

Symptoms of an Active TB

A
  1. Cough (3 weeks)
  2. Chest pain
  3. Coughing of blood
  4. Feeling tired all the time
  5. Chills
  6. Night sweats
  7. Loss of appetite
  8. Fever
  9. Weight Loss
23
Q

Prevention & Control for TB

A
  1. Take all your medication (latent TB)
  2. Limit your contact with other people (active TB)
  3. If traveling to a place where TB is common, avoid spending a lot of time in crowded places with sick people
  4. Immunization
24
Q

Involves a disorder of structure or function in humans, especially one that produces specific symptoms or that affects a specific location and is not simply direct result of physical injury

A

Disease

25
Q

Forming a triangle with 3 interactive elements

A

Epidemiologic Triad

26
Q

The interaction of the three dynamic elements of the epidemiological triad results to:

A

Disease

27
Q

Accounts to multifactorial nature of causation of a particular disease

A

Causal Pies

28
Q

What is the 3 components of the infectious disease model?

A

Host, Pathogen, Environment

29
Q

Prone or increase of inclination

A

Susceptible

30
Q

Focus of the stage of susceptibility

A

Exposure to pathogen

31
Q

Focus of Stage of subclinical disease

A

Determining changes

32
Q

True or False. During the stage of subclinical disease, the individual appears to be asymptomatic.

A

True

33
Q

When conditions worsen, it leads to

A

Chronic Disease?

34
Q

Involves a range as to the effect of disease process in an individual from mild to severe or fatal which ultimately results to either in recovery, disability, or death

A

Spectrum of Disease

35
Q

Refers to the proportion of exposed persons who become infected

A

Infectivity

36
Q

Refers to the proportion of infected individuals who develop clinically apparent disease

A

Pathogenicity

37
Q

Refers to the proportion of clinically apparent cases that are severe or fatal

A

Virulence

38
Q

This is the result of continuous interaction of the elements that could lead to the transmission of agent from one susceptible host towards another as it takes place

A

Chain of Infection

39
Q

Skin-to-skin contact, kissing and sexual intercourse are examples of what kind of mode of transmission?

A

Direct Contact

40
Q

Spray with relatively large, short-range aerosols produced by sneezing, coughing, or even talking are examples of what kind of mode of transmission?

A

Droplet spread

🏥 (6 decks)

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