CCPC Review - Formulas, Flight Phys, AC Fundamentals Video Flashcards
Ideal Gas Law
PV=nRT
ARDS Formula
= PaO2/FiO2
Normal > 400
Respiratory Distress/Failure = 300
ARDS <100
Dalton’s Equation (Oxygen at Altitude)
FiO2 x P1 / P2
Tank Time Equation (how much time a tank will have oxygen)
(Tank Factor)(psi)/lpm
Tank Factors:
H - 3.14
M - 1.65
E - 0.28
D - 0.16
Anion Gap Equation
(NA + K) - (Cl + HCO3)
> 16 = MUDPLIERS
PRBC Relationship (____ units of PRBC increases HGB by ____ and HCT by _____)
1 unit of PRBC increases HGB by 1 and HCT by 2-3%
(As long as bleeding has stopped!)
MAP
MAP = systolic + (2 x diastolic) / 3
NORMAL MAP = 70-90 mmHg
Cardiac Output (CO)
CO = HR x SV
Systolic BP
Systolic BP = CO x SVR
Afterload of Right side of the Heart
PVR
Afterload of the LEFT side of the heart
SVR
Coronary Perfusion Pressure
CPP = Diastolic BP - PCWP
NORMAL = 60-80 mmHg
Pediatric Maintenance Fluids
4/2/1:
- Glucose (D5 1/2 normal saline or D5 1/4 normal saline)
- 4 cc/kg for first 10 kg
- 2 cc/kg for second 10 kg
- 1 cc/kg from then on
Pediatric BP
Normal = 90 + 2(age)
Hypo = 70 + 2(age)
*NOT DECOMPENSATED unless < Hypo calculation
Pediatric Bolus
Neonate = 10 cc/kg
Heart Failure = 10 cc/kg
Infant = 20 cc/kg
Pediatric ET Tube Size
(16 + age)/4
Always have the half size below, the size you calculated, and the half size above prepped.
(Ex: ETT of 3; prep: 2.5/3/3.5)
Pediatric NG/OG Tube Size
2 x ETT size
Pediatric Chest Tube Size
4 x ETT size
Pediatric Urine Output
1-2 cc/kg/hr
Urine Output for Rhabdo
Pediatric: 2-4 cc/kg/hr
Adult: >100 cc/hr
Blood Glucose
Neonates = >40
Infant - Adult = >60
Normal Blood Volumes (neonate/infant/child)
Neonate = 80-90 cc/kg
Infant = 70-80 cc/kg
Child = 70-75 cc/kg
Pediatric Blood Product Admin
10 cc/kg
Pediatric Ages
Neonate: <28 days
Infant: >28 days
Toddler: >2 years
Child: >8-10 years
Cerebral Perfusion Pressure
CPP = MAP - ICP
CPP = (systolic+(2*diastolic))/3) - ICP
- needs to be >60
- Normal is 60-80
ICP Ranges
Normal = 0-10
Mild = 20
Moderate = 30
Significant = 40
Severe = 50
Parkland Formula
BURNS
= 4cc x kg x BSA
Brooke Formula
BURNS
= 2cc x kg x BSA
Consensus Formula
BURNS
= 2-4cc x kg x BSA
ADULT Rule of Nines
- Head and Neck
- Chest
- Abdomen
- Arms
- Back
- Legs
- Perineum
- Head and Neck = 9%
- Chest = 9%
- Abdomen = 9%
- Arms = 9%
- Back = 18%
- Legs = 18%
- Perineum = 1%
CHILD Rule of 9’s
- Head and Neck
- Chest
- Abdomen
- Arms and Hands
- Back
- Legs and Feet
- Head and Neck = 18%
- Chest = 9%
- Abdomen = 9%
- Arms and Hands = 9%
- Back = 18%
- Legs and Feet = 14%
The Henderson-Hasselbach Equation
Determines if a lab report is authentic.
H+=[24 x CO2] / HCO3
NORMAL H+ = 40 nEq/L
Expected fall in pH = 7.4 - [# over 40 H+ x 0.01]
*if <7.2; hang BICARB … pressers wont work under 7.2!
4 types of Hypoxia + Tx
Hypemic - admin PRBC
Hypoxic - tx with O2 or lower altitude
Stagnant - increase perfusion
Histotoxic - find toxin and reverse it
4 stages of Hypoxia
Indifferent - lose night vision at 5000’
Compensatory - HR/RR increase
Disturbance - Drunk (slurred speech/slow to respond/unsteady gait)
Critical - will die if don’t get help
Time of Useful Consciousness
Rapid Decompression:
- 25,000 ‘ = 2-5 mins
- 35,000’ = 90 seconds
- 45,000’ = 15-30 seconds
Emergency Locator Transponder Frequencies / Activate at how many G’s
121.5
406
4 G’s
Inherent Risks of Flight
G-forces / Gravity
Weather
Fatigue
Thermal changes at altitude
Vibration / Noise
Self-Induced Risks of Flight
Dehydration
Exhaustion
Alcohol
Tobacco
Hypoglycemia
Relationship between altitude and temp
Every 1000’ gain = -2-degrees C
4 forces that act on aircraft
Lift (counteracted by) Weight
Thrust (counteracted by) Drag
ETT Cuff pressure goal
20-30 mmHg
Sea Level
760 mmHg
How many ATM for 99’ below sea level?
4 (water surface + 33 + 33 + 33)
AMRM
Air Medical Resource Management / Crew Resource Management in flight world
Pilot needs to have (hours of flights)
2000 hours total
1200 in helicopter
1000 Pilot in Command (helo or fixed wing)
100 PIC at night
5 hours aerial orientation (2 at night)
FAA Minimums with Patient onboard
135
Land:
- immediately
- as soon as possible
- as soon as practical
Immediately = engine fire; transmission failure
ASAP = chip light
As soon as practical = some type of inoperable equipment that does not impede the operation of the helicopter
How many ways out do you need for:
- scene LZ
- hospital LZ
- Scene: 1
- Hospital: 2 (+ windsock for a permanent helipad)
Post crash priorities
Immediately: in order turn off - throttle/fuel/battery
Then:
- meet at 1200 position / closest to 1200 upwind
- find shelter
HAZMAT scene - where do you land?
Further in the direction of where the wind is coming from (if the wind is coming from the west, go farther west)
Duty to Report
Child Abuse
Elder Abuse
Law at play for anything aircraft/mechanic/pilot related
FAA
At play for only interfacility transports
EMTALA
Who is responsible for patient until arrived at receiving facility?
Sending physician
Converting Celsius to Fahrenheit
(Temp in Celsius)(1.8) + 32
Example: 34 degrees Celsius
34*1.8 + 32 = 93.2
