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IT Cybersecurity > CCNA1 Modules 8-10: Communicating Between Networks Exam Answers > Flashcards

CCNA1 Modules 8-10: Communicating Between Networks Exam Answers Flashcards

1
Q

Which information is used by routers to forward a data packet toward its destination?

A

destination IP address

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2
Q

A computer has to send a packet to a destination host in the same LAN. How will the packet be sent?

A

The packet will be sent directly to the destination host.

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3
Q

A router receives a packet from the Gigabit 0/0 interface and determines that the packet needs to be forwarded out the Gigabit 0/1 interface. What will the router do next?

A

create a new Layer 2 Ethernet frame to be sent to the destination

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4
Q

Which IPv4 address can a host use to ping the loopback interface?

A

127.0.0.1

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5
Q

A computer can access devices on the same network but cannot access devices on other networks. What is the probable cause of this problem?

A

The computer has an invalid default gateway address.

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6
Q

Which statement describes a feature of the IP protocol?

A

IP relies on upper layer services to handle situations of missing or out-of-order packets.

Explanation: IP protocol is a connection-less protocol, considered unreliable in terms of end-to-end delivery. It does not provide error control in the cases where receiving packets are out-of-order or in cases of missing packets. It relies on upper layer services, such as TCP, to resolve these issues.

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7
Q

Why is NAT not needed in IPv6?​

A

Any host or user can get a public IPv6 network address because the number of available IPv6 addresses is extremely large.​

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8
Q

Which parameter does the router use to choose the path to the destination when there are multiple routes available?

A

the lower metric value that is associated with the destination network

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9
Q

What are two services provided by the OSI network layer? (Choose two.)

A

routing packets toward the destination
encapsulating PDUs from the transport layer

Explanation: The OSI network layer provides several services to allow communication between devices:

addressing
encapsulation
routing
de-encapsulation
Error detection, placing frames on the media, and collision detection are all functions of the data ink layer.
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10
Q

Within a production network, what is the purpose of configuring a switch with a default gateway address?

A

The default gateway address is used to forward packets originating from the switch to remote networks.

Explanation: A default gateway address allows a switch to forward packets that originate on the switch to remote networks. A default gateway address on a switch does not provide Layer 3 routing for PCs that are connected on that switch. A switch can still be accessible from Telnet as long as the source of the Telnet connection is on the local network.

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11
Q

What is a basic characteristic of the IP protocol?

A

connectionless

Explanation: Internet Protocol (IP) is a network layer protocol that does not require initial exchange of control information to establish an end-to-end connection before packets are forwarded. Thus, IP is connectionless and does not provide reliable end-to-end delivery by itself. IP is media independent. User data segmentation is a service provided at the transport layer.

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12
Q

Which field in the IPv4 header is used to prevent a packet from traversing a network endlessly?

A

Time-to-Live

Explanation: The value of the Time-to-Live (TTL) field in the IPv4 header is used to limit the lifetime of a packet. The sending host sets the initial TTL value; which is decreased by one each time the packet is processed by a router. If the TTL field decrements to zero, the router discards the packet and sends an Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Time Exceeded message to the source IP address. The Differentiated Services (DS) field is used to determine the priority of each packet. Sequence Number and Acknowledgment Number are two fields in the TCP header.

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13
Q

What is one advantage that the IPv6 simplified header offers over IPv4?

A

efficient packet handling

Explanation: The IPv6 simplified header offers several advantages over IPv4:

Better routing efficiency and efficient packet handling for performance and forwarding-rate scalability
No requirement for processing checksums
Simplified and more efficient extension header mechanisms (as opposed to the IPv4 Options field)
A Flow Label field for per-flow processing with no need to open the transport inner packet to identify the various traffic flows

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14
Q

What IPv4 header field identifies the upper layer protocol carried in the packet?

A

Protocol

Explanation: It is the Protocol field in the IP header that identifies the upper-layer protocol the packet is carrying. The Version field identifies the IP version. The Differential Services field is used for setting packet priority. The Identification field is used to reorder fragmented packets.

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15
Q

What information does the loopback test provide?

A

The TCP/IP stack on the device is working correctly.

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16
Q

What routing table entry has a next hop address associated with a destination network?

A

remote routes

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17
Q

How do hosts ensure that their packets are directed to the correct network destination?

A

They have to keep their own local routing table that contains a route to the loopback interface, a local network route, and a remote default route.​

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18
Q

When transporting data from real-time applications, such as streaming audio and video, which field in the IPv6 header can be used to inform the routers and switches to maintain the same path for the packets in the same conversation?

A

Flow Label

Explanation: The Flow Label in IPv6 header is a 20-bit field that provides a special service for real-time applications. This field can be used to inform routers and switches to maintain the same path for the packet flow so that packets will not be reordered.

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19
Q

What statement describes the function of the Address Resolution Protocol?

A

ARP is used to discover the MAC address of any host on the local network.

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20
Q

Under which two circumstances will a switch flood a frame out of every port except the port that the frame was received on? (Choose two.)

A

The frame has the broadcast address as the destination address.

The destination address is unknown to the switch.

Explanation: A switch will flood a frame out of every port, except the one that the frame was received from, under two circumstances. Either the frame has the broadcast address as the destination address, or the destination address is unknown to the switch.

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21
Q

Which statement describes the treatment of ARP requests on the local link?

A

They are received and processed by every device on the local network.

Explanation: One of the negative issues with ARP requests is that they are sent as a broadcast. This means all devices on the local link must receive and process the request.

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22
Q

Which destination address is used in an ARP request frame?

A

FFFF.FFFF.FFFF

Explanation: The purpose of an ARP request is to find the MAC address of the destination host on an Ethernet LAN. The ARP process sends a Layer 2 broadcast to all devices on the Ethernet LAN. The frame contains the IP address of the destination and the broadcast MAC address, FFFF.FFFF.FFFF. The host with the IP address that matches the IP address in the ARP request will reply with a unicast frame that includes the MAC address of the host. Thus the original sending host will obtain the destination IP and MAC address pair to continue the encapsulation process for data transmission.

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23
Q

A network technician issues the arp -d * command on a PC after the router that is connected to the LAN is reconfigured. What is the result after this command is issued?

A

The ARP cache is cleared.

Explanation: Issuing the arp –d * command on a PC will clear the ARP cache content. This is helpful when a network technician wants to ensure the cache is populated with updated information.

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24
Q

Which two types of IPv6 messages are used in place of ARP for address resolution?

A

neighbor solicitation

neighbor advertisement

Explanation: IPv6 does not use ARP. Instead, ICMPv6 neighbor discovery is used by sending neighbor solicitation and neighbor advertisement messages.

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25
Q

What is the aim of an ARP spoofing attack?

A

to associate IP addresses to the wrong MAC address

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26
Q

Where are IPv4 address to Layer 2 Ethernet address mappings maintained on a host computer?

A

ARP cache

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27
Q

What important information is examined in the Ethernet frame header by a Layer 2 device in order to forward the data onward?

A

destination MAC address

Explanation: The Layer 2 device, such as a switch, uses the destination MAC address to determine which path (interface or port) should be used to send the data onward to the destination device.

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28
Q

provides security to the console

A

Router(config-line)# password class

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29
Q

displays a message when the router is accessed

A

Router(config)# banner motd #

30
Q

configures a name on the router

A

Router(config)# hostname CL1

31
Q

A new network administrator has been asked to enter a banner message on a Cisco device. What is the fastest way a network administrator could test whether the banner is properly configured?

A

Exit privileged EXEC mode and press Enter.

Explanation: While at the privileged mode prompt such as Router#, type exit,press Enter, and the banner message appears. Power cycling a network device that has had the banner motd command issued will also display the banner message, but this is not a quick way to test the configuration.

32
Q

remote access via dialup connection

A

AUX

33
Q

preferred out-of-band access method

A

console

34
Q

remote access method that uses encryption

A

SSH

35
Q

unsecure remote access

A

Telnet

36
Q

phase 1

phase 2

phase 3

A

perform the POST and load the bootstrap program

locate and load the Cisco IOS software

locate and load the startup configuration file

Explanation: There are three major phases to the bootup process of a Cisco router:

Perform the POST and load the bootstrap program.
Locate and load the Cisco IOS software.
Locate and load the startup configuration file
If a startup configuration file cannot be located, the router will enter setup mode by displaying the setup mode prompt.

37
Q

login

service password-encryption

ip address 192.168.4.4 255.255.255.0

copy running-config startup-config

enable

A

R1(config-line)#

R1(config)#

R1(config-if)#

R1#

R1>

Explanation: The enable command is entered in R1> mode. The login command is entered in R1(config-line)# mode. The copy running-config startup-config command is entered in R1# mode. The ip address 192.168.4.4 255.255.255.0 command is entered in R1(config-if)# mode. The service password-encryption command is entered in global configuration mode.

38
Q

What are two functions of NVRAM? (Choose two.)

A

to retain contents when power is removed

to store the startup configuration file

Explanation: NVRAM is permanent memory storage, so the startup configuration file is preserved even if the router loses power.

39
Q

A router boots and enters setup mode. What is the reason for this?

A

The configuration file is missing from NVRAM.

40
Q

The global configuration command ip default-gateway 172.16.100.1 is applied to a switch. What is the effect of this command?

A

The switch can be remotely managed from a host on another network.

Explanation: A default gateway address is typically configured on all devices to allow them to communicate beyond just their local network.In a switch this is achieved using the command ip default-gateway .

41
Q

What happens when the transport input ssh command is entered on the switch vty lines?

A

Communication between the switch and remote users is encrypted.

Explanation: The transport input ssh command when entered on the switch vty (virtual terminal lines) will encrypt all inbound controlled telnet connections.

42
Q

R1(config-line)#

R1#

R1>

R1(config)#

A

login

copy running-config startup-config

enable

interface fastethernet 0/0

Explanation: The enable command is entered at the R1> prompt. The login command is entered at the R1(config-line)# prompt. The copy running-config startup-config command is entered at the R1# prompt. The interface fastethernet 0/0 command is entered at the R1(config)# prompt.

43
Q

Which three commands are used to set up secure access to a router through a connection to the console interface? (Choose three.)

A

line console 0

login

password cisco

Explanation: The three commands needed to password protect the console port are as follows:

line console 0
password cisco
login
The interface fastethernet 0/0 command is commonly used to access the configuration mode used to apply specific parameters such as the IP address to the Fa0/0 port. The line vty 0 4 command is used to access the configuration mode for Telnet. The0and 4 parameters specify ports 0 through 4, or a maximum of five simultaneous Telnet connections. The enable secret command is used to apply a password used on the router to access the privileged mode.

44
Q

Which two functions are primary functions of a router? (Choose two.)

A

packet forwarding

path selection

Explanation: A router accepts a packet and accesses its routing table to determine the appropriate exit interface based on the destination address. The router then forwards the packet out of that interface.

45
Q

What is the effect of using the Router# copy running-config startup-config command on a router?

A

The contents of NVRAM will change.

Explanation: The command copy running-config startup-config copies the running-configuration file from RAM into NVRAM and saves it as the startup-configuration file. Since NVRAM is none-volatile memory it will be able to retain the configuration details when the router is powered off.

46
Q

What will happen if the default gateway address is incorrectly configured on a host?

A

The host cannot communicate with hosts in other networks.

Explanation: When a host needs to send a message to another host located on the same network, it can forward the message directly. However, when a host needs to send a message to a remote network, it must use the router, also known as the default gateway. This is because the data link frame address of the remote destination host cannot be used directly. Instead, the IP packet has to be sent to the router (default gateway) and the router will forward the packet toward its destination. Therefore, if the default gateway is incorrectly configured, the host can communicate with other hosts on the same network, but not with hosts on remote networks.

47
Q

What are two potential network problems that can result from ARP operation? (Choose two.)

A

On large networks with low bandwidth, multiple ARP broadcasts could cause data communication delays.

Network attackers could manipulate MAC address and IP address mappings in ARP messages with the intent of intercepting network traffic.

Explanation: Large numbers of ARP broadcast messages could cause momentary data communications delays. Network attackers could manipulate MAC address and IP address mappings in ARP messages with the intent to intercept network traffic. ARP requests and replies cause entries to be made into the ARP table, not the MAC address table. ARP table overflows are very unlikely. Manually configuring static ARP associations is a way to prevent, not facilitate, ARP poisoning and MAC address spoofing. Multiple ARP replies resulting in the switch MAC address table containing entries that match the MAC addresses of connected nodes and are associated with the relevant switch port are required for normal switch frame forwarding operations. It is not an ARP caused network problem.

48
Q

Which term describes a field in the IPv4 packet header used to identify the next level protocol?

A

protocol

49
Q

Which term describes a field in the IPv4 packet header that contains an 8-bit binary value used to determine the priority of each packet?

A

differentiated services

50
Q

Which term describes a field in the IPv4 packet header that contains a 32-bit binary value associated with an interface on the sending device?

A

source IPv4 address

51
Q

Which term describes a field in the IPv4 packet header used to detect corruption in the IPv4 header?

A

header checksum

52
Q

RTR1(config)# interface gi0/1
RTR1(config-if)# description Connects to the Marketing LAN
RTR1(config-if)# ip address 10.27.15.17 255.255.255.0
RTR1(config-if)# no shutdown
RTR1(config-if)# interface gi0/0
RTR1(config-if)# description Connects to the Payroll LAN
RTR1(config-if)# ip address 10.27.14.148 255.255.255.0
RTR1(config-if)# no shutdown
RTR1(config-if)# interface s0/0/0
RTR1(config-if)# description Connects to the ISP
RTR1(config-if)# ip address 10.14.15.254 255.255.255.0
RTR1(config-if)# no shutdown
RTR1(config-if)# interface s0/0/1
RTR1(config-if)# description Connects to the Head Office WAN
RTR1(config-if)# ip address 203.0.113.39 255.255.255.0
RTR1(config-if)# no shutdown
RTR1(config-if)# end

Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator is connecting a new host to the Payroll LAN. The host needs to communicate with remote networks. What IP address would be configured as the default gateway on the new host?

A

10.27.14.148

53
Q

Which term describes a field in the IPv4 packet header that contains a unicast, multicast, or broadcast address?

A

destination IPv4 address

54
Q

Which term describes a field in the IPv4 packet header used to limit the lifetime of a packet?

A

TTL

55
Q

Which term describes a field in the IPv4 packet header that contains a 4-bit binary value set to 0100?

A

version

56
Q

What property of ARP causes cached IP-to-MAC mappings to remain in memory longer?

A

Entries in an ARP table are time-stamped and are purged after the timeout expires.

57
Q

What property of ARP allows MAC addresses of frequently used servers to be fixed in the ARP table?

A

A static IP-to-MAC address entry can be entered manually into an ARP table.

58
Q

What property of ARP allows MAC addresses of frequently used servers to be fixed in the ARP table?

A

A static IP-to-MAC address entry can be entered manually into an ARP table.

59
Q

What property of ARP allows hosts on a LAN to send traffic to remote networks?

A

Local hosts learn the MAC address of the default gateway.

60
Q

Floor(config)# interface gi0/1
Floor(config-if)# description Connects to the Registrar LAN
Floor(config-if)# ip address 192.168.235.234 255.255.255.0
Floor(config-if)# no shutdown
Floor(config-if)# interface gi0/0
Floor(config-if)# description Connects to the Manager LAN
Floor(config-if)# ip address 192.168.234.114 255.255.255.0
Floor(config-if)# no shutdown
Floor(config-if)# interface s0/0/0
Floor(config-if)# description Connects to the ISP
Floor(config-if)# ip address 10.234.235.254 255.255.255.0
Floor(config-if)# no shutdown
Floor(config-if)# interface s0/0/1
Floor(config-if)# description Connects to the Head Office WAN
Floor(config-if)# ip address 203.0.113.3 255.255.255.0
Floor(config-if)# no shutdown
Floor(config-if)# end

Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator is connecting a new host to the Registrar LAN. The host needs to communicate with remote networks. What IP address would be configured as the default gateway on the new host?

A

192.168.235.234

61
Q

What property of ARP forces all Ethernet NICs to process an ARP request?

A

The destination MAC address FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF appears in the header of the Ethernet frame.

62
Q

What property of ARP causes a reply only to the source sending an ARP request?

A

The source MAC address appears in the header of the Ethernet frame.

63
Q

What property of ARP causes the request to be flooded out all ports of a switch except for the port receiving the ARP request?

A

The destination MAC address FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF appears in the header of the Ethernet frame.

64
Q

What property of ARP causes the NICs receiving an ARP request to pass the data portion of the Ethernet frame to the ARP process?

A

The type field 0x806 appears in the header of the Ethernet frame.

65
Q

Main(config)# interface gi0/1
Main(config-if)# description Connects to the Service LAN
Main(config-if)# ip address 172.29.157.156 255.255.255.0
Main(config-if)# no shutdown
Main(config-if)# interface gi0/0
Main(config-if)# description Connects to the Engineering LAN
Main(config-if)# ip address 172.29.156.36 255.255.255.0
Main(config-if)# no shutdown
Main(config-if)# interface s0/0/0
Main(config-if)# description Connects to the ISP
Main(config-if)# ip address 10.156.157.254 255.255.255.0
Main(config-if)# no shutdown
Main(config-if)# interface s0/0/1
Main(config-if)# description Connects to the Head Office WAN
Main(config-if)# ip address 198.51.100.177 255.255.255.0
Main(config-if)# no shutdown
Main(config-if)# end

Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator is connecting a new host to the Service LAN. The host needs to communicate with remote networks. What IP address would be configured as the default gateway on the new host?

A

172.29.157.156

66
Q

BldgA(config)# interface gi0/1
BldgA(config-if)# description Connects to the Medical LAN
BldgA(config-if)# ip address 192.168.191.189 255.255.255.0
BldgA(config-if)# no shutdown
BldgA(config-if)# interface gi0/0
BldgA(config-if)# description Connects to the Client LAN
BldgA(config-if)# ip address 192.168.190.70 255.255.255.0
BldgA(config-if)# no shutdown
BldgA(config-if)# interface s0/0/0
BldgA(config-if)# description Connects to the ISP
BldgA(config-if)# ip address 10.190.191.254 255.255.255.0
BldgA(config-if)# no shutdown
BldgA(config-if)# interface s0/0/1
BldgA(config-if)# description Connects to the Head Office WAN
BldgA(config-if)# ip address 198.51.100.213 255.255.255.0
BldgA(config-if)# no shutdown
BldgA(config-if)# end

Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator is connecting a new host to the Medical LAN. The host needs to communicate with remote networks. What IP address would be configured as the default gateway on the new host?

A

192.168.191.189

67
Q

Floor(config)# interface gi0/1
Floor(config-if)# description Connects to the Registrar LAN
Floor(config-if)# ip address 192.168.225.223 255.255.255.0
Floor(config-if)# no shutdown
Floor(config-if)# interface gi0/0
Floor(config-if)# description Connects to the Manager LAN
Floor(config-if)# ip address 192.168.224.103 255.255.255.0
Floor(config-if)# no shutdown
Floor(config-if)# interface s0/0/0
Floor(config-if)# description Connects to the ISP
Floor(config-if)# ip address 10.224.225.254 255.255.255.0
Floor(config-if)# no shutdown
Floor(config-if)# interface s0/0/1
Floor(config-if)# description Connects to the Head Office WAN
Floor(config-if)# ip address 203.0.113.246 255.255.255.0
Floor(config-if)# no shutdown
Floor(config-if)# end

Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator is connecting a new host to the Registrar LAN. The host needs to communicate with remote networks. What IP address would be configured as the default gateway on the new host?

A

192.168.225.223

68
Q

Floor(config)# interface gi0/1
Floor(config-if)# description Connects to the Registrar LAN
Floor(config-if)# ip address 10.118.63.65 255.255.255.0
Floor(config-if)# no shutdown
Floor(config-if)# interface gi0/0
Floor(config-if)# description Connects to the Manager LAN
Floor(config-if)# ip address 10.118.62.196 255.255.255.0
Floor(config-if)# no shutdown
Floor(config-if)# interface s0/0/0
Floor(config-if)# description Connects to the ISP
Floor(config-if)# ip address 10.62.63.254 255.255.255.0
Floor(config-if)# no shutdown
Floor(config-if)# interface s0/0/1
Floor(config-if)# description Connects to the Head Office WAN
Floor(config-if)# ip address 209.165.200.87 255.255.255.0
Floor(config-if)# no shutdown
Floor(config-if)# end

A network administrator is connecting a new host to the Manager LAN. The host needs to communicate with remote networks. What IP address would be configured as the default gateway on the new host?

A

10.118.62.196

69
Q

HQ(config)# interface gi0/1
HQ(config-if)# description Connects to the Branch LAN
HQ(config-if)# ip address 172.19.99.99 255.255.255.0
HQ(config-if)# no shutdown
HQ(config-if)# interface gi0/0
HQ(config-if)# description Connects to the Store LAN
HQ(config-if)# ip address 172.19.98.230 255.255.255.0
HQ(config-if)# no shutdown
HQ(config-if)# interface s0/0/0
HQ(config-if)# description Connects to the ISP
HQ(config-if)# ip address 10.98.99.254 255.255.255.0
HQ(config-if)# no shutdown
HQ(config-if)# interface s0/0/1
HQ(config-if)# description Connects to the Head Office WAN
HQ(config-if)# ip address 209.165.200.120 255.255.255.0
HQ(config-if)# no shutdown
HQ(config-if)# end

A network administrator is connecting a new host to the Store LAN. The host needs to communicate with remote networks. What IP address would be configured as the default gateway on the new host?

A

172.19.98.230

70
Q

HQ(config)# interface gi0/1
HQ(config-if)# description Connects to the Branch LAN
HQ(config-if)# ip address 172.20.133.132 255.255.255.0
HQ(config-if)# no shutdown
HQ(config-if)# interface gi0/0
HQ(config-if)# description Connects to the Store LAN
HQ(config-if)# ip address 172.20.132.13 255.255.255.0
HQ(config-if)# no shutdown
HQ(config-if)# interface s0/0/0
HQ(config-if)# description Connects to the ISP
HQ(config-if)# ip address 10.132.133.254 255.255.255.0
HQ(config-if)# no shutdown
HQ(config-if)# interface s0/0/1
HQ(config-if)# description Connects to the Head Office WAN
HQ(config-if)# ip address 198.51.100.156 255.255.255.0
HQ(config-if)# no shutdown
HQ(config-if)# end

A network administrator is connecting a new host to the Store LAN. The host needs to communicate with remote networks. What IP address would be configured as the default gateway on the new host?

A

172.20.132.13

71
Q

Main(config)# interface gi0/1
Main(config-if)# description Connects to the Service LAN
Main(config-if)# ip address 192.168.167.166 255.255.255.0
Main(config-if)# no shutdown
Main(config-if)# interface gi0/0
Main(config-if)# description Connects to the Engineering LAN
Main(config-if)# ip address 192.168.166.46 255.255.255.0
Main(config-if)# no shutdown
Main(config-if)# interface s0/0/0
Main(config-if)# description Connects to the ISP
Main(config-if)# ip address 10.166.167.254 255.255.255.0
Main(config-if)# no shutdown
Main(config-if)# interface s0/0/1
Main(config-if)# description Connects to the Head Office WAN
Main(config-if)# ip address 198.51.100.189 255.255.255.0
Main(config-if)# no shutdown
Main(config-if)# end

A network administrator is connecting a new host to the Service LAN. The host needs to communicate with remote networks. What IP address would be configured as the default gateway on the new host?

A

192.168.167.166

72
Q

BldgA(config)# interface gi0/1
BldgA(config-if)# description Connects to the Medical LAN
BldgA(config-if)# ip address 192.168.201.200 255.255.255.0
BldgA(config-if)# no shutdown
BldgA(config-if)# interface gi0/0
BldgA(config-if)# description Connects to the Client LAN
BldgA(config-if)# ip address 192.168.200.80 255.255.255.0
BldgA(config-if)# no shutdown
BldgA(config-if)# interface s0/0/0
BldgA(config-if)# description Connects to the ISP
BldgA(config-if)# ip address 10.200.201.254 255.255.255.0
BldgA(config-if)# no shutdown
BldgA(config-if)# interface s0/0/1
BldgA(config-if)# description Connects to the Head Office WAN
BldgA(config-if)# ip address 203.0.113.222 255.255.255.0
BldgA(config-if)# no shutdown
BldgA(config-if)# end

A network administrator is connecting a new host to the Medical LAN. The host needs to communicate with remote networks. What IP address would be configured as the default gateway on the new host?

A

192.168.201.200

IT Cybersecurity (14 decks)

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