CCNA1 Modules 1-3 Basic Network Connectivity and Communications Flashcards
During a routine inspection, a technician discovered that software that was installed on a computer was secretly collecting data about websites that were visited by users of the computer. Which type of threat is affecting this computer?
spyware
Which term refers to a network that provides secure access to the corporate offices by suppliers, customers and collaborators?
extranet
A large corporation has modified its network to allow users to access network resources from their personal laptops and smart phones. Which networking trend does this describe?
bring your own device
What is an ISP?
It is an organization that enables individuals and businesses to connect to the Internet.
Protect the network from unauthorized access.
Provide redundant links and devices.
Expand the network without degrading the service for existing users.
Security
Fault Tolerance
Scalability
An employee at a branch office is creating a quote for a customer. In order to do this, the employee needs to access confidential pricing information from internal servers at the Head Office. What type of network would the employee access?
an intranet
Explanation: Intranet is a term used to refer to a private connection of LANs and WANs that belongs to an organization. An intranet is designed to be accessible only by the organization’s members, employees, or others with authorization.
Which statement describes the use of powerline networking technology?
A device connects to an existing home LAN using an adapter and an existing electrical outlet.
A networking technician is working on the wireless network at a medical clinic. The technician accidentally sets up the wireless network so that patients can see the medical records data of other patients. Which of the four network characteristics has been violated in this situation?
security
Explanation: Network security includes protecting the confidentiality of data that is on the network. In this case, because confidential data has been made available to unauthorized users, the security characteristic of the network has failed.
not suited for heavily wooded areas
uses coaxial cable as a medium
typically has vey low bandwidth
high bandwidth connection that runs over telephone line
satellite
cable
dialup telephone
DSL
Explanation: DSL is an always-on, high bandwidth connection that runs over telephone lines. Cable uses the same coaxial cable that carries television signals into the home to provide Internet access. Dialup telephone is much slower than either DSL or cable, but is the least expensive option for home users because it can use any telephone line and a simple modem. Satellite requires a clear line of sight and is affected by trees and other obstructions. None of these typical home options use dedicated leased lines such as T1/E1 and T3/E3.
What two criteria are used to help select a network medium from various network media?
the distance the selected medium can successfully carry a signal
the environment where the selected medium is to be installed
Explanation: Criteria for choosing a network medium are the distance the selected medium can successfully carry a signal, the environment in which the selected medium is to be installed, the amount of data and the speed at which the data must be transmitted, and the cost of the medium and its installation.
What type of network traffic requires QoS?
video conferencing
A user is implementing security on a small office network. Which two actions would provide the minimum security requirements for this network? (Choose two.)
implementing a firewall
installing antivirus software
Passwords can be used to restrict access to all or parts of the Cisco IOS. Select the modes and interfaces that can be protected with passwords. (Choose three.)
VTY interface
console interface
privileged EXEC mode
Explanation: Access to the VTY and console interfaces can be restricted using passwords. Out-of-band management of the router can be restricted in both user EXEC and privileged EXEC modes.
Which interface allows remote management of a Layer 2 switch?
the switch virtual interface
Explanation: In a Layer 2 switch, there is a switch virtual interface (SVI) that provides a means for remotely managing the device.
What function does pressing the Tab key have when entering a command in IOS?
It completes the remainder of a partially typed word in a command.
Explanation: Pressing the Tab key after a command has been partially typed will cause the IOS to complete the rest of the command.
While trying to solve a network issue, a technician made multiple changes to the current router configuration file. The changes did not solve the problem and were not saved. What action can the technician take to discard the changes and work with the file in NVRAM?
Issue the reload command without saving the running configuration.
Explanation: The technician does not want to make any mistakes trying to remove all the changes that were done to the running configuration file. The solution is to reboot the router without saving the running configuration. The copy startup-config running-config command does not overwrite the running configuration file with the configuration file stored in NVRAM, but rather it just has an additive effect.
An administrator uses the Ctrl-Shift-6 key combination on a switch after issuing the ping command. What is the purpose of using these keystrokes?
to interrupt the ping process
Explanation: To interrupt an IOS process such as ping or traceroute, a user enters the Ctrl-Shift-6 key combination. Tab completes the remainder of parameters or arguments within a command. To exit from configuration mode to privileged mode use the Ctrl-Z keystroke. CTRL-R will redisplay the line just typed, thus making it easier for the user to press Enter and reissue the ping command.
A technician configures a switch with these commands:
SwitchA(config)# interface vlan 1
SwitchA(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
SwitchA(config-if)# no shutdown
What is the technician configuring?
SVI
Explanation: For a switch to have an IP address, a switch virtual interface must be configured. This allows the switch to be managed remotely over the network.
Which command or key combination allows a user to return to the previous level in the command hierarchy?
exit
Explanation: End and CTRL-Z return the user to the privileged EXEC mode. Ctrl-C ends a command in process. The exit command returns the user to the previous level.
What are two characteristics of RAM on a Cisco device? (Choose two.)
The configuration that is actively running on the device is stored in RAM.
The contents of RAM are lost during a power cycle.
Explanation: RAM stores data that is used by the device to support network operations. The running configuration is stored in RAM. This type of memory is considered volatile memory because data is lost during a power cycle. Flash memory stores the IOS and delivers a copy of the IOS into RAM when a device is powered on. Flash memory is nonvolatile since it retains stored contents during a loss of power.
Which two host names follow the guidelines for naming conventions on Cisco IOS devices? (Choose two.)
RM-3-Switch-2A4
SwBranch799
Explanation: Some guidelines for naming conventions are that names should: Start with a letter Contain no spaces End with a letter or digit Use only letters, digits, and dashes Be less than 64 characters in length
How is SSH different from Telnet?
SSH provides security to remote sessions by encrypting messages and using user authentication. Telnet is considered insecure and sends messages in plaintext.
Explanation: SSH is the preferred protocol for connecting to a device operating system over the network because it is much more secure than Telnet. Both SSH and Telnet are used to connect to devices over the network, and so are both used in-band. PuTTY and Terra Term can be used to make both SSH and Telnet connections.
first mode
second mode
third mode
final mode
user EXEC mode
privileged EXEC mode
global configuration mode
user EXEC mode
Explanation: The configuration mode that the administrator first encounters is user EXEC mode. After the enable command is entered, the next mode is privileged EXEC mode. From there, the configure terminal command is entered to move to global configuration mode. Finally, the administrator enters the line console 0 command to enter the mode in which the configuration will be entered.
What are three characteristics of an SVI? (Choose three.)
It is not associated with any physical interface on a switch.
It provides a means to remotely manage a switch.
It is associated with VLAN1 by default.
Explanation: Switches have one or more switch virtual interfaces (SVIs). SVIs are created in software since there is no physical hardware associated with them. Virtual interfaces provide a means to remotely manage a switch over a network that is using IP. Each switch comes with one SVI appearing in the default configuration “out-of-the-box.” The default SVI interface is VLAN1.
What command is used to verify the condition of the switch interfaces, including the status of the interfaces and a configured IP address?
show ip interface brief
Explanation: The show ip interface brief command is used to display a brief synopsis of the condition of the device interfaces. The ipconfig command is used to verify TCP/IP properties on a host. The ping command is used to verify Layer 3 connectivity. The traceroute command is used to trace the network path from source to destination.
limited number of basic monitoring commands
the first entrance into the CLI of an IOS device
user EXEC mode
accessed by entering the enable command
identified by a prompt ending with the # character
privileged EXEC mode
changes made affect the operation of the device as a whole
accessed by entering the configure terminal command
global configuration mode
displays the next screen
scrolls backwards through previously entered commands
provides context-sensitive help
completes abbreviated commands and parameters
aborts commands such as trace and ping
space bar
Up Arrow
?
Tab
Ctrl-Shift-6
Explanation: The shortcuts with their functions are as follows:
– Tab – Completes the remainder of a partially typed command or keyword
– Space bar – displays the next screen
– ? – provides context-sensitive help
– Up Arrow – Allows user to scroll backward through former commands
– Ctrl-C – cancels any command currently being entered and returns directly to privileged EXEC mode
– Ctrl-Shift-6 – Allows the user to interrupt an IOS process such as ping or traceroute
In the show running-config command, which part of the syntax is represented by running-config?
a keyword
Explanation: The first part of the syntax, show, is the command, and the second part of the syntax, running-config, is the keyword. The keyword specifies what should be displayed as the output of the show command.
After making configuration changes on a Cisco switch, a network administrator issues a copy running-config startup-config command. What is the result of issuing this command?
The new configuration will be loaded if the switch is restarted.
What command will prevent all unencrypted passwords from displaying in plain text in a configuration file?
(config)# service password-encryption
Explanation: To prevent all configured passwords from appearing in plain text in configuration files, an administrator can execute the service password-encryption command. This command encrypts all configured passwords in the configuration file.
A network administrator enters the service password-encryption command into the configuration mode of a router. What does this command accomplish?
This command prevents someone from viewing the running configuration passwords.
Explanation: The startup-config and running-config files display most passwords in plaintext. Use the service password-encryption global config command to encrypt all plaintext passwords in these files.
What method can be used by two computers to ensure that packets are not dropped because too much data is being sent too quickly?
flow control
Explanation: In order for two computers to be able to communicate effectively, there must be a mechanism that allows both the source and destination to set the timing of the transmission and receipt of data. Flow control allows for this by ensuring that data is not sent too fast for it to be received properly.
Which statement accurately describes a TCP/IP encapsulation process when a PC is sending data to the network?
Segments are sent from the transport layer to the internet layer.
Explanation: When the data is traveling from the PC to the network, the transport layer sends segments to the internet layer. The internet layer sends packets to the network access layer, which creates frames and then converts the frames to bits. The bits are released to the network media.
What three application layer protocols are part of the TCP/IP protocol suite? (Choose three.)
DHCP
DNS
FTP
Explanation: DNS, DHCP, and FTP are all application layer protocols in the TCP/IP protocol suite. ARP and PPP are network access layer protocols, and NAT is an internet layer protocol in the TCP/IP protocol suite.
This organization promotes the open development, evolution, and use of the Internet throughout the world.
ISOC
This organization is the largest developer of internal standards in the world for a wide variety of products and services. It is known for its Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model.
ISO
This organization is responsible for overseeing and managing IP address allocation, domain name management, and protocol identifiers.
IANA
Which name is assigned to the transport layer PDU?
segment
Explanation: Application data is passed down the protocol stack on its way to be transmitted across the network media. During the process, various protocols add information to it at each level. At each stage of the process, a PDU (protocol data unit) has a different name to reflect its new functions. The PDUs are named according to the protocols of the TCP/IP suite:
Data – The general term for the PDU used at the application layer.
Segment – transport layer PDU
Packet – network layer PDU
Frame – data link layer PDU
Bits – A physical layer PDU used when physically transmitting data over the medium
When IPv4 addressing is manually configured on a web server, which property of the IPv4 configuration identifies the network and host portion for an IPv4 address?
subnet mask
Explanation: There are several components that need to be entered when configuring IPv4 for an end device:
IPv4 address – uniquely identifies an end device on the network
Subnet mask – determines the network address portion and host portion for an IPv4 address
Default gateway – the IP address of the router interface used for communicating with hosts in another network
DNS server address – the IP address of the Domain Name System (DNS) server
DHCP server address (if DHCP is used) is not configured manually on end devices. It will be provided by a DHCP server when an end device requests an IP address.
What process involves placing one PDU inside of another PDU?
encapsulation
Explanation: When a message is placed inside of another message, this is known as encapsulation. On networks, encapsulation takes place when one protocol data unit is carried inside of the data field of the next lower protocol data unit.
What layer is responsible for routing messages through an internetwork in the TCP/IP model?
internet
Explanation: The TCP/IP model consists of four layers: application, transport, internet, and network access. Of these four layers, it is the internet layer that is responsible for routing messages. The session layer is not part of the TCP/IP model but is rather part of the OSI model.
The IP header is added
The TCP header is added
The Ethernet header is added
The Telnet-formatted data is provided in the next layer
Third
Second
Fourth
First
Which PDU format is used when bits are received from the network medium by the NIC of a host?
frame
Explanation: When received at the physical layer of a host, the bits are formatted into a frame at the data link layer. A packet is the PDU at the network layer. A segment is the PDU at the transport layer. A file is a data structure that may be used at the application layer.
Which method allows a computer to react accordingly when it requests data from a server and the server takes too long to respond?
response timeout
A web client is receiving a response for a web page from a web server. From the perspective of the client, what is the correct order of the protocol stack that is used to decode the received transmission?
Ethernet, IP, TCP, HTTP
Explanation:
- HTTP governs the way that a web server and client interact.
- TCP manages individual conversations between web servers and clients.
- IP is responsible for delivery across the best path to the destination.
- Ethernet takes the packet from IP and formats it for transmission.
Which two OSI model layers have the same functionality as a single layer of the TCP/IP model? (Choose two.)
data link
physical
Explanation: The OSI data link and physical layers together are equivalent to the TCP/IP network access layer. The OSI transport layer is functionally equivalent to the TCP/IP transport layer, and the OSI network layer is equivalent to the TCP/IP internet layer. The OSI application, presentation, and session layers are functionally equivalent to the application layer within the TCP/IP model.
At which layer of the OSI model would a logical address be added during encapsulation?
network layer
What is a characteristic of multicast messages?
They are sent to a select group of hosts.
Explanation: Multicast is a one-to-many type of communication. Multicast messages are addressed to a specific multicast group.
Which statement is correct about network protocols?
They define how messages are exchanged between the source and the destination.
What is an advantage of network devices using open standard protocols?
A client host and a server running different operating systems can successfully exchange data.
Explanation: An advantage of network devices implementing open standard protocols, such as from the TCP/IP suite, is that clients and servers running different operating systems can communicate with each other. Open standard protocols facilitate innovation and competition between vendors and across markets, and can reduce the occurrence of monopolies in networking markets.
Which device performs the function of determining the path that messages should take through internetworks?
a router
Explanation: A router is used to determine the path that the messages should take through the network. A firewall is used to filter incoming and outgoing traffic. A DSL modem is used to provide Internet connection for a home or an organization.
Why would a Layer 2 switch need an IP address?
to enable the switch to be managed remotely
Explanation: A switch, as a Layer 2 device, does not need an IP address to transmit frames to attached devices. However, when a switch is accessed remotely through the network, it must have a Layer 3 address. The IP address must be applied to a virtual interface rather than to a physical interface. Routers, not switches, function as default gateways.
What term describes a network owned by one organization that provides safe and secure access to individuals who work for a different organization?
extranet
What term describes storing personal files on servers over the internet to provide access anywhere, anytime, and on any device?
cloud
What term describes a network where one computer can be both client and server?
peer-to-peer
What term describes a type of network used by people who work from home or from a small remote office?
SOHO network
What term describes a computing model where server software runs on dedicated computers?
client/server
What term describes a technology that allows devices to connect to the LAN using an electrical outlet?
powerline networking
What term describes a policy that allows network devices to manage the flow of data to give priority to voice and video?
quality of service
What term describes a private collection of LANs and WANs that belongs to an organization?
intranet
What term describes the ability to use personal devices across a business or campus network?
BYOD
At which OSI layer is a source IP address added to a PDU during the encapsulation process?
network layer
At which OSI layer is a destination port number added to a PDU during the encapsulation process?
transport layer
At which OSI layer is data added to a PDU during the encapsulation process?
application layer
Which of the following is the name for all computers connected to a network that participate directly in network communication?
Intermediary device
At which OSI layer is a source MAC address added to a PDU during the encapsulation process?
data link layer
When data is encoded as pulses of light, which media is being used to transmit the data?
Fire optic cable
Which two devices are intermediary devices? (Choose two)
Router
Switch
