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Question 1

what are hydrocarbons?

Answer 1

compounds that contain hydrogen and carbon atoms olny

Question 2

what is crude oil a mixture of?

Answer 2

hydrocarbons

Question 3

what sort of molecules of the crude oil?

Answer 3

hydrocarbon molecules where the carbon atoms are in chains or in rings

Question 4

what does crude oil provide?

Answer 4

fuels and feedstock for the petrochemical industry

Question 5

what process is used to separate crude oil?

Answer 5

fractional distillation

Question 6

What are gases from crude oil used for?

Answer 6

domestic heating and, cooking

Question 7

what does petrol used for?

Answer 7

fuels for cars

Question 8

what is kerosene used for?

Answer 8

fuel for aircraft

Question 9

what is diesel oil used for?

Answer 9

fuel for some cars and trains

Question 10

what is fuel oil used for?

Answer 10

fuel for large ships and in some power stations

Question 11

what is bitumen used for?

Answer 11

to surface roads and roofs

Question 12

name the fractions from functional distillation of crude oil from the top and bottom of the column

Answer 12

Gases, petrol, kerosene, diesel oil, fuel oil, bitumen

Question 13

how do you hydrocarbons in different fractions differ from each other?

Answer 13

Number of carbon and hydrogen atoms in the molecules, ease of an ignition, viscosity, boiling points

Question 14

give an example of a homologous a series

Answer 14

alkanes

Question 15

what is a homologous series?

Answer 15

A series of compounds, which h ave the same formula, defer by CH2 molecular formulea of the neighbouring, show a gradual variation and physical properties, e.g. Boiling points, and have similar chemical properties.

Question 16

what is the general formula for alkanes?

Answer 16

CH2n+2

Question 17

name the alkaline with the molecular formula CH4

Answer 17

methane

Question 18

what is the molecular formula of ethane?

Answer 18

C2H6

Question 19

what happens during the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels?

Answer 19

water and carbon dioxide or produce and energy is released

Question 20

what can be produced from the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons?

Answer 20

carbon and carbon monoxide

Question 21

why can the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons produce carbon and carbon monoxide?

Answer 21

there is not enough oxygen to fully oxidise all the carbon atoms to produce carbon dioxide

Question 22

how can carbon oxide behave as toxic gas?

Answer 22

it combines with haemoglobin in red blood cells, which stops oxygen form being transported around the body

Question 23

what problems can soot (unburnt carbon) cause?

Answer 23

set the block pipes carrying waste gases away from the appliance, causing breathing problems if inhaled and black and buildings

Question 23

why is sulphur dioxide produced when hydrocarbons burn?

Answer 23

So far impurities in the fuel combine with oxygen

Question 24

what is the major cause of acid rain?

Answer 24

sulphur dioxide, dissolving and rain water

Question 25

what problems can acid rain

Answer 25

crops don’t grow well, and six die, fish eggs don’t hatch, buildings, weathered, metals corrode more quickly

Question 26

how are oxides of nitrogen produced in cars

Answer 26

in high temperatures inside the engine, nitrogen and oxygen react together

Question 27

give advantages of using hydrogen rather than petrol, as in fuel in car

Answer 27

The combustion of hydrogen doesn’t produce carbon dioxide which is a greenhouse gas. Hydrogen can be produced relatively easy. Hydrogen is easy to ignite.

Question 28

Give disadvantages of using hydrogen as a fuel in cars

Answer 28

hydrogen is a gas of room temperature and so is difficult to store in large amounts, unless it is compressed or cooled so that it becomes a liquid

Question 29

what is cracking?

Answer 29

The breaking down of longer chain hydrocarbons into smaller ones, some of which are unsaturated

Question 30

why is cracking needed?

Answer 30

that produces more useful molecules

Question 31

what is an alkane

Answer 31

unsaturated hydrocarbon

Question 32

what is the general formula for alkanes?

Answer 32

CnH2n

Question 33

what is the molecular formula for propene

Answer 33

C3H6

Question 34

which hydrocarbon homologous series contain carbon-carbon double bond

Answer 34

alkenes

Question 35

how was the earths early atmosphere formed?

Answer 35

By gases released from volcanic activity

Question 36

what did the earths early atmosphere contain?

Answer 36

no oxygen large amount of carbon dioxide, water vapour in small amounts of other gases

Question 37

how was the oceans formed?

Answer 37

condensation of water vapour

Question 38

how did the amount of carbon dioxide from the early atmosphere decrease?

Answer 38

it dissolved as the oceans formed

Question 39

how did the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere increase?

Answer 39

by photosynthesis of primitive plants

Question 40

what is the chemical test for oxygen?

Answer 40

A glowing splint reignites

Question 41

what is a greenhouse affect?

Answer 41

gases in the atmosphere absorbs heat radiation from the Sun

Question 42

what evidence is there that human activity as cool as climate change

Answer 42

Correlation between carbon dioxide emissions and the temperature change

Question 42

give examples of greenhouse gases

Answer 42

carbon dioxide, methane and water vapour

Question 43

what are the problems with data suggesting that human activity as close climate change?

Answer 43

The location of measuring and the accuracy of historical data

Question 44

what is the possible effects of climate change?

Answer 44

say levels rising extension of species as their habitat change, more extreme weather, events, and coral bleaching