CC3 Atomic Structure Flashcards
State the three subatomic particles
Protons, neutrons, electrons
State the masses of the subatomic particles
Protons: 1, neutrons: 1, electrons: 0
State the relative charges of the subatomic particles
Protons: +1, neutrons: 0, electrons: -1
What does ‘charge’ mean in chemistry?
How positive or negative a particle is. Positive and negative attract and positive and positive or negative and negative repel.
How are the subatomic particles arranged in an atom?
Protons and neutrons in the nucleus, electrons orbiting in shells
How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?
Mass number - atomic number
What is the mass and charge of a neutron?
Mass = 1 Charge =0
Why do atoms have no overall charge?
Because they have the same number of electrons as protons so the charges cancels each other out.
Calcium has 20 electrons. What is the electron configuration of calcium?
2.8.8.2
Chlorine has 17 electrons. What is the electron configuration of chlorine?
2.8.7
Sodium has a mass number of 23, and an atomic number of 11. How many electrons, protons and neutrons?
11 protons, 11 electrons, 12 neutrons
Aluminium has a mass number of 27, and an atomic number of 13. How many electrons, protons and neutrons?
13 protons, 13 electrons, 14 neutrons
What makes an atom a particular type of atom?
Each type of atom has a number of protons, a different number of protons would make something a different type of atom.
What is an ion?
An ion is a charged particle
How do ions form?
They gain or lose electrons so the number of electrons and protons are different
How does the size of the nucleus compare to the size of the atom?
Nucleus is very small
How can you calculate relative atomic mass given isotopes masses and abundances?
(mass 1 x abundance) + (mass2 x abundance) / total abundance
What are isotopes?
Atoms of the same element with different mass numbers
What are the similarities and differences between isotopes?
Same number of electrons and protons but a different number of neutrons.
Why are some of the values for relative atomic mass not whole numbers?
They are the average mass of an atom of that element, there are several isotopes each present in a different amount. So the average is not a whole number.
How do you work out the mass number of an element?
number of protons + number of neutrons
Why do atoms have no overall charge?
Because they have the same number of electrons as protons so the charges cancels each other out.
