CC13

Question 1

What are elements in group 1 called?

Answer 1

The alkali metals.

Question 2

What properties do elements in group 1 (alkali metals) have?

Answer 2

General properties: malleable, conduct electricity
Specific properties for alkali metals: low melting points, soft, easily cut, very reactive

Question 3

Are alkali metals easily oxidised or not?

Answer 3

All alkali metals are easily oxidised and burn brightly in the air.

Question 4

What can you see when lithium reacts with water?

Answer 4

It bubbles fiercely on the surface.

Question 5

What can you see when sodium reacts with water?

Answer 5

It melts into a ball and fizzes about the surface.

Question 6

What can you see when potassium reacts with water?

Answer 6

It bursts into flames and flies about the surface.

Question 7

How does reactivity change as you go down group 1?

Answer 7

The further down you get in group 1, the more reactive the element.

Question 8

How does the electronic configuration of an atom in group 1 affect its reactivity?

Answer 8

All atoms in group 1 has one electron in its outer shell. As you get further down the group, more electron shells are added. The more electron shells are added, the weaker the force of attraction becomes and the easier it is to take the electron shell from the outer shell. This therefore means that the further away the outer electron is from the centre of the atom, the more reactive the atom is.

Question 9

What are all of the elements in group 7 called?

Answer 9

The Halogens.

Question 10

Do all halogens exist as single molecules or diatomic molecules?

Answer 10

All halogens exist as diatomic molecules.

Question 11

What are diatomic molecules

Answer 11

Molecules with two atoms held together by a single covalent bond.

Question 12

What properties do all elements of group 7 have?

Answer 12

non-metallic elements, poor conductors of heat and electricity, toxic, corrosive.

Question 13

What colour is chlorine gas?

Answer 13

Green.

Question 14

What colour is bromine liquid?

Answer 14

Brown.

Question 15

What colour is iodine solid?

Answer 15

Purple/Black.

Question 16

What do halogens form when reacting with metals?

Answer 16

Halogens react with metals to form ionic compounds called salts, which contain halide ions (halide salts).

Question 17

What uses do halide salts have?

Answer 17

• They can be used as table salts (Sodium Chloride)
• They can be used in toothpaste (Sodium Fluoride)
• They can be used to disinfect pools (Sodium Bromide)

Question 18

What can all halogens be used as and why?

Answer 18

All halogens can be used as disinfectants and bleaches as they can kill microorganisms and remove the colour from materials.

Question 19

How does reactivity of group 7 elements change as you go down the group?

Answer 19

The more you go down the group, the less reactive the elements get (the highest element in the group is the most reactive)

Question 20

What effect does fluorine have when heated with iron wool?

Answer 20

It bursts into flames.

Question 21

What effect does chlorine have when heated with iron wool?

Answer 21

It glows brightly.

Question 22

What effect does bromine have when heated with iron wool?

Answer 22

It glows a dull red.

Question 23

What effect does iodine have when heated with iron wool?

Answer 23

It changes colour.

Question 24

How can the reactivity of halogens be worked out (without using the periodic table)?

Answer 24

It can be worked out using displacement reactions. We can see which halogen is more reactive as the more reactive halogen will displace the less reactive halogen from a halide compound.

Question 25

How does the electronic configuration of an atom in group 7 affect its reactivity?

Answer 25

All atoms in group 7 need to gain an electron to have a full outer shell. As you get further down the group, the distance between the outermost shell and the centre of the atom is more therefore there is a weaker force of attraction. This makes it harder to gain an electron, decreasing reactivity as you go down the group (as the amount of electron shells increases as you go down the group).

Question 26

What are elements in group 0 called?

Answer 26

The noble gases.

Question 27

What properties do all elements of group 0 have?

Answer 27

Colourless, Very low melting and boiling points, Poor conductors of heat and electricity

Question 28

What unique property do noble gas elements have?

Answer 28

They are inert, meaning they do not react easily with anything.

Question 29

What use does helium have?

Answer 29

Helium is used in balloons as it is less dense than air, helping it float.

Question 30

What use does Neon have?

Answer 30

Neon is used in long lasting illumination signs.

Question 31

What use does Argon have?

Answer 31

Argon is used in wine barrels to stop oxygen in the air from reacting with the wine (for preservation).

Question 32

What use does Krypton have?

Answer 32

Krypton is used in photography lighting as it produces a brilliant white light when electricity is produced.

Question 33

What use does Xenon have?

Answer 33

Xenon is used in a spaceship as its high atomic mass produces a desirable level of thrust when ions are accelerating.

Question 34

What use does Radon have?

Answer 34

Radon is used in cancer treatment as the alpha particles emitted by radon have the capacity to kill cancer cells.

Question 35

Why are noble gases unreactive?

Answer 35

As they already have a full outer shell meaning they don’t need to react with anything to reach a stable state.