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Chemistry > CC11 > Flashcards

CC11 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the reactivity series?

A

A list of metals in order of reactivity with the most reactive at the top.

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2
Q

How does potassium and sodium react with water and dilute acid?

A

Water - React with cold water to form hydrogen and a metal hydroxide
Dilute acid - React violently

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3
Q

How does calcium react with water and dilute acid?

A

Water- React with cold water to form hydrogen and a metal hydroxide
Dilute acid - React to form a hydrogen and a salt solution

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4
Q

How does magnesium, aluminium, zinc and iron react with water and dilute acid?

A

Water - React very slowly, if at all, with cold water but react with steam to form hydrogen and a metal oxide
Dilute acid - React to form hydrogen and a salt solution

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5
Q

How does copper, silver and gold react with water and dilute acid?

A

Water - Do not react with cold water or steam
Dilute acid - Do not react

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6
Q

What do the metals that react with cold water form?

A

Hydrogen and a metal hydroxide solution(e.g. 2K(s) + 2H₂O(l) –> 2KOH(aq) + H₂(g)

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7
Q

What do metals that react with steam form?

A

Hydrogen and a solid metal oxide (e.g. 2Mg(s) + H₂O(g) –> 2MgO(s) + H₂(g)

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8
Q

What do metals that react with dilute acids form?

A

Hydrogen and a salt solution (e.g. Zn(s) + H₂SO₄(aq) –> ZnSO₄(aq) + H₂(g)

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9
Q

How does the ease of a metal losing electrons correlate with its position in the reactivity series?

A

The more easily a metal’s atoms lose electrons, the higher the metal is in the reactivity series.

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10
Q

What is a displacement reaction?

A

A displacement reaction occurs when a more reactive element displaces, or pushes out, a less reactive element from a compound that contains the less reactive element.

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11
Q

How does a displacement reaction work (use the example of zinc dipped in copper sulfate solution)?

A

When zinc is dipped into copper sulfate solution, a copper coating forms on the surface of the zinc. Some of the zinc takes the place of the copper and forms zinc sulfate solution (Zn(S) + CuSO₄(aq) –> Cu + ZnSO₄(aq)) Zinc replaces copper as it is more reactive than it.

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12
Q

What is a redox reaction?

A

A reaction in which both oxidation and reduction occurs.

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13
Q

What state are very unreactive metals naturally found in?

A

Very unreactive metals, such as gold and platinum, are found naturally in their native state (as uncombined elements).

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14
Q

What state are very reactive metals naturally found in?

A

Quite reactive metals have reacted with other elements to form compounds in rocks.

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15
Q

What is extraction?

A

The process of obtaining a metal from compounds.

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16
Q

What is an ore?

A

An ore is a rock that contains enough of a compound to extract a metal for profit.

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17
Q

What displacement reaction occurs with iron oxide and carbon?

A

Carbon is more reactive than iron, so it displaces it (Iron oxide + Carbon –> Iron + Carbon oxide)

18
Q

What does the ore Heamatite contain?

A

Iron Oxide.

19
Q

What does the ore Malachite contain?

A

Copper Carbonate.

20
Q

What method of extraction must be used for Potassium, Sodium, Calcium, Magnesium and Aluminium?

A

Electrolysis of a molten compound.

21
Q

What method of extraction must be used for Zinc, Iron and Copper?

A

Heat an ore with carbon.

22
Q

What method of extraction must be used for Silver and Gold?

A

Found as the uncombined element.

23
Q

What is Bioleaching and how does it work?

A

Bioleaching uses bacteria grown on a low grade ore. The bacteria produces a solution containing copper ions, called a leachate. Copper is extracted from the leachate by displacement using scrap iron, then purified by electrolysis. This method can also be used for metals such as nickel, cobalt and zinc.

24
Q

What is Phytoextraction and how does it work?

A

Phytoextraction involves growing plants that absorb metal compounds. The plants are burnt to form ash, from which metal is extracted.

25
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of Bioleaching?

A

Advantages: - Doesn’t require high temperatures
Disadvantages: - Toxic substances and sulfuric acid can be produced by the process, and damage the environment

26
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of Phytoextraction?

A

Advantages: - Can extract metals from contaminated solids
Disadvantages: - More expensive than mining some ores
- Growing plants is dependent on weather conditions

27
Q

How is metal extracted from metal oxide ores?

A

In order to obtain the metal from metal oxide ores, the oxygen must be removed. This is known as reduction

28
Q

What is reduction (in terms of oxygen)?

A

Reduction is the loss of oxygen from a substance.

29
Q

What is oxidation (in terms of oxygen)?

A

Oxidation is the gain of oxygen by a substance.

30
Q

What are redox reactions?

A

A reaction where both oxidation and reduction occurs.

31
Q

What is corrosion?

A

When a metal reacts with oxygen, making the metal weaker over time. The metal becomes oxidised (gains oxygen).

32
Q

How does the reactivity of a metal affect the rate of corrosion?

A

The more reactive a metal is, the more rapidly it corrodes.

33
Q

What is a tarnish?

A

A protected oxide layer that prevents further corrosion. This covers metal surfaces.

34
Q

How can metals be recycled?

A

By melting them down and making them into something new.

35
Q

What are some advantages to recycling?

A
  • Less waste metal ends up in landfill sites
  • Less pollution may be produced
  • The need to mine ores is reduced (mining can damage the landscape and create noise and dust pollution)
36
Q

What are some disadvantages to recycling?

A
  • The cost of recycling
  • The amount of energy used when recycling
37
Q

What is a Life Cycle Assessment?

A

An assessment that can be carried out to work out the environmental impact of a product.

38
Q

What does LCA stand for?

A

Life Cycle Assessment.

39
Q

What is a Life cycle assessment used for?

A
  • They are used to decide wether it is worthwhile to manufacture and recycle a product.
  • They are used to compare the effect of using different materials for the same product (e.g. making a bottle out of glass or plastic)
40
Q

What are the four stages looked at in a Life cycle assessment?

A
  1. Obtaining and processing raw materials
  2. Manufacturing and packaging the product
  3. Using the product
  4. Disposal of the product
41
Q

What are the questions to ask when making a Life cycle assessment?

A
  • What raw materials are needed?
  • How are the raw materials processed?
  • How much energy is needed for the manufacture and packaging of the product?
  • Where will the energy come from?
  • What will the product be used for?
  • How will the product be disposed of?

Chemistry (17 decks)

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