CC PART 6 (FIRE) Flashcards
Chemical reaction that involves the rapid oxidation of a combustible material or fuel with subsequent liberation of heat and light
FIRE
(3) Triggering factors:
○ Fuel
○ Heat or ignition source
○ Oxygen (air)
Ordinary combustibles
(Cloth, wood, paper, fabric)
Class A
Pressurized water, dry chemical
and loaded steam
Class A
Don’t use water on electrical
fires or burning liquids
Class A
Flammable Liquids/gases or
combustible petroleum liquids/product
Class B
Dry chemical, CO2, Halon
foam
Class B
Energized
Electrical
Equipment
Class C
CO2, Dry chemical, and halon
Class C
Never use water. Dry chemical
may damage electrical equipment.
CO2 leave no residuum good choice for computers, analyzers
Class C
Combustible/ Reactive metals/
flammable or combustible metal such as magnesium, sodium, and Potassium
Class D
Metal X
Class D
Leave to professional fire fighters
Class D
Detonation
Class E
Allowed to burn out and nearby
material protected
Class E
Most common fire extinguisher can extinguish
A, B, and C
What is the best type of all-purpose fire extinguisher?
CO2 foam
Component of a fire extinguisher that should be used for Class C fires (electrical equipment):
A. Pressurized water and dry chemical
B. Dry chemicals and carbon dioxide
C. Carbon dioxide, halon, and dry chemical
D. Metal X
C. Carbon dioxide, halon, and dry chemical
● Have ground, polarity, and leakage checks and other periodic preventive maintenance performed on outlets and equipment.
ELECTRICAL HAZARD
General electrical safety rules:
○ Do not operate machines with wet hands.
○ Monitor electrical equipment closely.
○ Wet equipment should be allowed to dry first before plugging it in.
○ Equipment should be unplugged before cleaning.
○ All equipment must be grounded with 3 pronged
plugs.
● The danger of electrocution in the laboratory is great due to the presence of multiple electrical equipment.
ELECTRICAL HAZARD
Danger of fire, explosion, asphyxiation, or mechanical
injuries
COMPRESSED GASES HAZARD
● Liquid nitrogen
CRYOGENIC MATERIAL HAZARD
● Factors to consider:
○ Position and posture; be mobile throughout the day.
○ Applied force.
○ Frequency of repetition.
○ Design of hand tools.
ERGONOMIC HAZARD
● Danger of fire or explosion, asphyxiation, pressure buildup, embrittlement of materials, and tissue damage like thermal burns.
CRYOGENIC MATERIAL HAZARD
● Refers to the effect of repeated manipulation of instruments, containers, equipment, or repetitive strains such as tenosynovitis, bursitis, and ganglion cysts.
ERGONOMIC HAZARD
● Refers to equipment such as centrifuges, autoclaves and homogenizers, laboratory glassware, or glass pipets.
MECHANICAL HAZARD
Handling chemical spills
CHEMICAL HAZARD
● Avoid:
○ Lifting heavy objects improperly.
○ Keeping the load close to the body using the muscles of the legs rather than the back.
○ Gradually increase force when pushing or pulling and avoid pounding actions with the extremities.
ERGONOMIC HAZARD
Handling chemical spills
○ The best first aid is to flush the affected area with water for at least _____ minutes. Followed by
appropriate medical attention.
The best first aid is to flush the affected area with water for at least 15 minutes. Followed by
appropriate medical attention.
● Avoid running in the laboratory.
● Watch wet floors
● Avoid dangling jewelry
PHYSICAL HAZARD
● Tie back long hair
● Seek help when lifting heavy objects.
PHYSICAL HAZARD
● Presented in:
○ Infectious material from patients
○ Improperly processed blood products
○ Inappropriately disposed waste products
BIOLOGICAL HAZARD
● Encountered in the laboratory when procedures using radioisotopes are performed.
RADIOACTIVE HAZARD
● The amount of radiation in the laboratory setting is minute, but radiation effects are cumulative.
RADIOACTIVE HAZARD
● Bunsen burners and organic chemicals
● Cause burns or dismemberment
FIRE HAZARD
● Needles, lancet, and broken glass
● Cause cuts, punctures, or bloodborne pathogen exposure
SHARP HAZARD
> 1 cm
Radiofrequency coil in inductively
coupled plasma-mass spectrometer
Low Frequency
3 m to 3 mm
Energy beam microwave used
to accelerate tissue staining in
the histology prep process
Microwaves
750 nm to 0.3 cm
Heat lamps, lasers
Infrared
400 to 750 nm
General illumination and glare
Visible Spectrum
What do we do if we get electrocuted and the machine is grounded?
Turn the machine off or unplug
the machine.
4 to 400 nm
Germicidal lamps used in
biologic safety cabinets
Ultraviolet (UV)
Which is NOT a hazard associated with the use of liquid nitrogen?
a. Shock
b. Thermal burns
c. Explosion
d. Asphyxiation
a. Shock
Considered a Mechanical Hazard?
a. Centrifuge
b. Autoclave
c. Homogenizers
d. Glass pipet
a. Centrifuge
b. Autoclave
c. Homogenizers
d. Glass pipet
ALL
General Waste
Black
Wet Waste
Green
Infectious Waste
Yellow
Chemical and pharmaceutical waste
Yellow with black band
Radioactive waste
Orange
4 BASIC WASTE DISPOSAL TECHNIQUES
● Flushing down the drainage system
● Incineration
● Landfill burial
● Recycling
BASIC WASTE DISPOSAL TECHNIQUES
Ex: urine or stains
Flushing down the drainage system
BASIC WASTE DISPOSAL TECHNIQUES
Ex: Sharps
Incineration
BASIC WASTE DISPOSAL TECHNIQUES
Ex: all solid waste
Landfill burial
● Wash out the eye thoroughly for 15 minutes.
● Use the eye fountain
ALKALI OR ACID BURNS ON THE EYE
Rinse thoroughly with large amounts of running tap water.
ALKALI OR ACID BURNS ON THE SKIN OR MOUTH
● Apply cold running water to relieve pain and stop further tissue damage.
● Use a wet dressing of 2 tablespoons of sodium
bicarbonate in 1 quart of warm water
HEAT BURNS
● Apply the bandage securely but not tight.
● If 3rd degree burn, do not use ointment or grease. Consult a physician immediately.
HEAT BURNS
Wash the wound with soap and water, then apply bandage.
MINOR CUTS
Apply direct pressure to the wound area and call the physician immediately.
SERIOUS CUTS
Is it significantly different from the previous result?
○ If not, perform a __________.
○ Usually done during the post-examination phase
Delta check
● Is it normal?
○ If not, consider the _________ or __________.
○ Should be reported immediately to the attending
physician.
the panic value or critical value.
● Is it consistent with the clinical findings?
○ If not, do ____________________.
○ Ex. Patient has high BUN and CREA with no previous record; call Clinical Microscopy. If the
patient is also positive for urine protein and has a high WBC count, then the patient might have CKD.
pattern recognition
● Is your machine accurate and precise?
○ If in doubt, perform _____________________
randomized duplicate testing.
Which compares the result obtained for one specimen with the previous result(s) obtained
for the same patient?
A. Randomized duplicate specimens
B. Average normal
C. Delta checks
D. Pattern Recognition
C. Delta checks
Requested by the clinician
TEST REQUEST
A specimen was received in your section. You noticed that the first name and last name of the patient match the request from, but the middle name does not. Who should you ask about the
specimen? This question is not book-based but instead made from an experience.
A. Receptionist
B. Nurse Ward: Correct Answer if In-patient
C. Medtech who received the specimen
D. Physician: never answer this
C. Medtech who received the specimen: Correct answer based on Sir Retoriano
Containment and appropriate
warning labels
Infrared
Filters, diffusers, and nonreflective surfaces
Visible Spectrum
Eye and skin protection
UV warning labels
Ultraviolet (UV)
