CC PART 2 Flashcards
introduction of electronics, robotics, and highly advanced
technical methodologies
AUTOMATION
Sample processing/ preparation
Pre-analytic
Analyte measurement or
chemical analysis
Analytic
Data management
Post-analytic
● Reagents, diluents and samples are pumped through a system of
continuous tubing
CONTINUOUS FLOW
● All samples are carried through the same analysis pathway.
● They automatically pass from one stage to another without waiting to bring the samples to the same stage of completion.
CONTINUOUS FLOW
● One sample, one test
● Samples and reagent flow through a system of continuous tubings
CONTINUOUS FLOW
Parallel testing: One test at a time
CONTINUOUS FLOW
Disadvantage
● Significant carry-over and costly
reagent waste
CONTINUOUS FLOW
● Serve as a separating and cleaning media / mechanism
Air bubbles - CONTINUOUS FLOW
● Introduced in continuous flow analyzer to minimize diffusion of reagents and mixing between samples
Air bubbles - CONTINUOUS FLOW
● As the rotor is accelerated, centrifugal force moves the reagent and sample to a mixing chamber and then through a small channel into a cuvette
CENTRIFUGAL ANALYSIS
● As the filled cuvette rotates past a fixed light beam, the absorbance of the reaction is measured spectrophotometrically.
CENTRIFUGAL ANALYSIS
● Many samples, one test (Batch
Testings)
● One test (analyte) in batch-type
systems
CENTRIFUGAL ANALYSIS
● All samples are loaded at the same time
● Uses centrifugal force to transfer specimens and reagents in cuvettes.
CENTRIFUGAL ANALYSIS
● The most versatile approach and with random access stat capability
DISCRETE ANALYSIS
● Each sample reactions is handled to a separate compartment and does not
come into contact with another sample
DISCRETE ANALYSIS
● The samples and standards are
handled on a batch and must be
brought before proceeding to the next procedure
● All reactions must be carried out until equilibrium is reached
DISCRETE ANALYSIS
● Carry-over will not be a problem
● Measures only the tests requested on
a sample
DISCRETE ANALYSIS
● Capable of measuring multiple tests (analyte) at one sample at a time
● Each sample and reagent mixture is handled separately in their own reaction container
DISCRETE ANALYSIS
● Many test, one sample OR many sample, one test
DISCRETE ANALYSIS
● Uses microvolumes and reagents on slides for dry chemistry analysis
DRY SLIDE / THIN FILE ANALYZERS
● A 16 mm square chip which contains several very thin layer that accepts a metered drop of serum, spreads it evenly into a reagent layer, then confines the colored product to a fixed area for reference spectrophotometry
DRY SLIDE / THIN FILE ANALYZERS
● No need for reagent preparation
DRY SLIDE / THIN FILE ANALYZERS
