CC Lab Midterm Flashcards
Ultraviolet region
<400nm
Transmitted via electromagnetic waves that are characterized by their frequency and wavelength
Energy
Distance between to successive peaks and is expressed in terms of. Nanometer
Wavelength
Measurement of light intensity in a narrower wavelength
Spectrophotometric measurement
Visible spectrum
400-700nm
Measurement of light intensity without consideration of wavelength
Photometric measurement
Ability of an analytical method to give repeated results on the same sample that agree with one another
Precision
Infrared region
> 700nm
Involves measurement of the light transmitted by a solution to determine the concentration of the light absorbing substances in the solution
Spectrophotometry
One component of quality assurance
Quality control
Ability of the analytical method to measure the smallest concentration of the analyte of interest
Sensitivity
Ability of an analytical method to maintain accuracy and precision over an extended period of time
Reliability
Ability of the analytical method to measure only the analyte of interest
Specificity
Kind of QC that involves the analyses of control samples together with the patient specimen
Intralab QC
Commonly used light source in the visible and near infrared region. Widely used in the lab
Tungsten light bulb
Refers to any wavelength outside the band transmitted by the monochromatir. Causes absorbance error
Stray light
Isolates specific or individual wavelength of light
Monochromator
Nearness or closeness of the assayed value to the target value
Accuracy
Kind of monochromator: a narrow light focused is refracted as it enters the more dense glass
Prisms
Controls the width of bandpass.
Allow only a narrow fraction of the spectrum to reach the sample cuvette
Exit slit
Holds the solution whose concentration is to be measured
Cuvet
Minimizes unwanted or stray light and prevents scattered light into the monochromator system
Entrance slit
Detects and converts transmitted light into photoelectric energy
Photodetector
States that the concentration of the unknown substance is directly proportional to the absorbed light and inversely proportional to the amount of transmitted light
Beer’s law
Amount of light absorbed
Absorbance
Kind of QC that involves proficiency testing program
Interlab Qc
Contains serum but without the reagent to complete the assay
Blanking technique
Most commonly used glassware. Used for heating and sterilization purposes
Borosilicate glass
Pyrex
High resistance to alkali, low thermal resistance
Boron free glassware
Soft glass
Design of pipet that delivers the exact amount it holds into a container
To deliver-TD
Kind of monochromator: wavelengths are bent as they pass a sharp corner
Diffraction gratings
Special alumina silicate glass. Six times stronger than borosilicate
Corex
Most commonly used cuvette
Alumina silica glass
Can be heated to 900C
Vycor
Design of pipet that holds the particular volume but does not dispense the exact volume
To contain
TC
Transfer pipet without consideration of a specific volume
Pasteur pipet
Made up of soda lime glass
Flint glassware
Drainage characteristic that has a continuous etched ring on top of the pipet; exact volume is obtained when the last drop is blown out
Blowout
For nonviscous fluid,
Self draining
Small amount left in the tip should not be blown out
Volumetric pipet
With graduations to the tip. Blowout pipet
Serological pipet
For viscous fluid
With etched ring
Ostwald Folin
Without graduations to the tip
Calibrated between two marks
Self draining pipet
Mohr pipet
Calibrating medium for TD pipets
Distilled water
Pipets that do not require calibration
Class A pipet
Relies on piston for suction creation to draw the sample into a disposable tip. The piston does not come in contact with the liquid
Air displacement pipet
Third choice. Pinky finger side
Basilic vein
Corrects absorbance caused by the color of the reagents
Reagent blank
Characterized by high degree of thermal resistance, low alkali content
Borosilicate glass
Operates by moving the pipet in the tip or barrel.
Does not require different tip for each use
Positive displacement pipet
Cleaning solution for glassware
Acid dichromate
Process by which blood is obtained from a patient’s vein
Venipuncture
Applied to obstruct the returns of venous blood to the heart
Tourniquet
Disinfectant for ethanol testing
Benzalkonium chloride solution
Best site for venipuncture
Median cubital vein
Gauge for children
23
Needle length
1 or 1.5 inch
Clotting time for tubes with gel separators
30mins
An increase in the number formed elements in blood resulting either from a decrease or increase in plasma volume
Hemoconcentration
A system of ensuring accuracy and precision in the laboratory
Quality control
Centrifugation requirement
3000RCF for 10mins
Tubes that have clot activator, will clot in
5mins
Anti glycolytic agent
Sodium fluoride
Most common interfering conditions
Hemolysis
Lipemic
Icterus
Anticoagulant that combines with calcium to form insoluble salt
Oxalate
Calibrating medium for TC pipets
Mercury
OSHA
Occupational safety and health Administration
Serum or plasma must be stored at
4-6C
Combines with calcium with a non ionized form
Citrate
JCAHO
Joint commission on accreditation of health are organizations
Major metabolite product of protein catabolism
Blood urea nitrogen
Chain of infection three elements
Source
Method of transmission
Susceptible host
How many percent if urea is excreted in the kidney
90%
Increase BUN
Increase protein catabolism Hemorrhage in GIT Shock Chronic liver disease Acute or renal disease
CAP
College of American Pathologists
Conversion factor of BUN
0.357
Second choice. Thumb side
Cephalic vein
Decrease BUN
Low protein intake
Severe vomiting and diarrhea
Liver disease
Pregnancy
Excellent marker for renal function
Creatinine
Method in BUN measurement
Urease test
Drainage characteristic that absence of etched ring, liquid is allowed to drain by gravity
Self draining
Enzymes in urease test
Urease
Glutamate dehydrogenase
Relationship of serum creatinine with GFR
Inversely proportional
Formula of BUN measurement
(A1-A2) sample
—————— x C standard
(A1-A2) standard
Reference interval of TP
6.5-8.3 g/dL
65-83 g/L
Absorbance in measuring BUN
348nm
Pathologic condition that causes increase BUN
Acute glomerulonephritis
Azotemia
Renal failure
CDC
Center for disease control and prevention
Method to measure Creatinine
Jaffe reaction
Component of Jaffe reagent
Picric acid
Sodium hydroxide
Absorbance used to measure creatinine
500nm
Reference interval for creatinine
Male: .9-1.3 mg/dL (80-115umol/L)
Female: 0.6-1.1mg/dL (53-97 umol/L)
Formula of creatinine measurement
A2-A1 sample
—————– x C standard
A2-A1 standard
Compound that is primarily synthesized in the liver
Total protein
Method in albumin
Bromcresol green dye binding method
Protein that is not synthesized in the liver
Immunoglobulins
Silica particles cause the blood to clot within
15-30 mins
Total protein is measured to determine
General information regarding disease state in many organ systems
Assessing state of dehydration
Assessing liver function
Method of determination of total protein
Biuret method
Very useful marker for synthetic function of the liver
Albumin
End color in biuret method
Violet
Waste product of creatine metabolism and excretion rate of it is a function of muscle mass
Creatinine
What part of protein is being measured in biuret method
Protein peptide bonds
Incubation period of TP
10mins at room temp
Absorbance used to measure TP
546nm
Conversion factor of albumin
10
Conversion factor of TP
10
Most abundant plasma protein
Albumin
Artifactual increased of albumin
Prolonged tourniquet
Evaporation prior to analysis
Absorbance used in albumin
578nm
Incubation of albumin before measuring the absorbance
5mins at room temp
Formula of albumin
Absorbance of unknown
—————————– x standard
Absorbance of standard
Reference range in albumin
3.5-5.5 g/dL
35-55 g/L
Dye used in albumin method
Bromcresol green or purple dye
Formula for determining TP concentration
Absorbance of unknown
—————————– x standard
Absorbance of standard
Reference range of BUN
6-20mg/dL
2.1-7.1mmol/L
