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Clinical Chemistry > CC Lab Midterm > Flashcards

CC Lab Midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

Ultraviolet region

A

<400nm

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2
Q

Transmitted via electromagnetic waves that are characterized by their frequency and wavelength

A

Energy

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3
Q

Distance between to successive peaks and is expressed in terms of. Nanometer

A

Wavelength

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4
Q

Measurement of light intensity in a narrower wavelength

A

Spectrophotometric measurement

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5
Q

Visible spectrum

A

400-700nm

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6
Q

Measurement of light intensity without consideration of wavelength

A

Photometric measurement

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7
Q

Ability of an analytical method to give repeated results on the same sample that agree with one another

A

Precision

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8
Q

Infrared region

A

> 700nm

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9
Q

Involves measurement of the light transmitted by a solution to determine the concentration of the light absorbing substances in the solution

A

Spectrophotometry

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10
Q

One component of quality assurance

A

Quality control

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11
Q

Ability of the analytical method to measure the smallest concentration of the analyte of interest

A

Sensitivity

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12
Q

Ability of an analytical method to maintain accuracy and precision over an extended period of time

A

Reliability

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13
Q

Ability of the analytical method to measure only the analyte of interest

A

Specificity

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15
Q

Kind of QC that involves the analyses of control samples together with the patient specimen

A

Intralab QC

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16
Q

Commonly used light source in the visible and near infrared region. Widely used in the lab

A

Tungsten light bulb

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17
Q

Refers to any wavelength outside the band transmitted by the monochromatir. Causes absorbance error

A

Stray light

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19
Q

Isolates specific or individual wavelength of light

A

Monochromator

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20
Q

Nearness or closeness of the assayed value to the target value

A

Accuracy

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21
Q

Kind of monochromator: a narrow light focused is refracted as it enters the more dense glass

A

Prisms

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22
Q

Controls the width of bandpass.

Allow only a narrow fraction of the spectrum to reach the sample cuvette

A

Exit slit

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23
Q

Holds the solution whose concentration is to be measured

A

Cuvet

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24
Q

Minimizes unwanted or stray light and prevents scattered light into the monochromator system

A

Entrance slit

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25
Q

Detects and converts transmitted light into photoelectric energy

A

Photodetector

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26
Q

States that the concentration of the unknown substance is directly proportional to the absorbed light and inversely proportional to the amount of transmitted light

A

Beer’s law

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27
Q

Amount of light absorbed

A

Absorbance

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28
Q

Kind of QC that involves proficiency testing program

A

Interlab Qc

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29
Q

Contains serum but without the reagent to complete the assay

A

Blanking technique

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30
Q

Most commonly used glassware. Used for heating and sterilization purposes

A

Borosilicate glass

Pyrex

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31
Q

High resistance to alkali, low thermal resistance

A

Boron free glassware

Soft glass

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32
Q

Design of pipet that delivers the exact amount it holds into a container

A

To deliver-TD

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33
Q

Kind of monochromator: wavelengths are bent as they pass a sharp corner

A

Diffraction gratings

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35
Q

Special alumina silicate glass. Six times stronger than borosilicate

A

Corex

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36
Q

Most commonly used cuvette

A

Alumina silica glass

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37
Q

Can be heated to 900C

A

Vycor

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38
Q

Design of pipet that holds the particular volume but does not dispense the exact volume

A

To contain

TC

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39
Q

Transfer pipet without consideration of a specific volume

A

Pasteur pipet

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40
Q

Made up of soda lime glass

A

Flint glassware

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41
Q

Drainage characteristic that has a continuous etched ring on top of the pipet; exact volume is obtained when the last drop is blown out

A

Blowout

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42
Q

For nonviscous fluid,
Self draining
Small amount left in the tip should not be blown out

A

Volumetric pipet

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43
Q

With graduations to the tip. Blowout pipet

A

Serological pipet

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44
Q

For viscous fluid

With etched ring

A

Ostwald Folin

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45
Q

Without graduations to the tip
Calibrated between two marks
Self draining pipet

A

Mohr pipet

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46
Q

Calibrating medium for TD pipets

A

Distilled water

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47
Q

Pipets that do not require calibration

A

Class A pipet

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48
Q

Relies on piston for suction creation to draw the sample into a disposable tip. The piston does not come in contact with the liquid

A

Air displacement pipet

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49
Q

Third choice. Pinky finger side

A

Basilic vein

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50
Q

Corrects absorbance caused by the color of the reagents

A

Reagent blank

51
Q

Characterized by high degree of thermal resistance, low alkali content

A

Borosilicate glass

52
Q

Operates by moving the pipet in the tip or barrel.

Does not require different tip for each use

A

Positive displacement pipet

53
Q

Cleaning solution for glassware

A

Acid dichromate

54
Q

Process by which blood is obtained from a patient’s vein

A

Venipuncture

55
Q

Applied to obstruct the returns of venous blood to the heart

A

Tourniquet

56
Q

Disinfectant for ethanol testing

A

Benzalkonium chloride solution

57
Q

Best site for venipuncture

A

Median cubital vein

58
Q

Gauge for children

A

23

59
Q

Needle length

A

1 or 1.5 inch

60
Q

Clotting time for tubes with gel separators

A

30mins

61
Q

An increase in the number formed elements in blood resulting either from a decrease or increase in plasma volume

A

Hemoconcentration

62
Q

A system of ensuring accuracy and precision in the laboratory

A

Quality control

63
Q

Centrifugation requirement

A

3000RCF for 10mins

64
Q

Tubes that have clot activator, will clot in

A

5mins

65
Q

Anti glycolytic agent

A

Sodium fluoride

66
Q

Most common interfering conditions

A

Hemolysis
Lipemic
Icterus

67
Q

Anticoagulant that combines with calcium to form insoluble salt

A

Oxalate

68
Q

Calibrating medium for TC pipets

A

Mercury

69
Q

OSHA

A

Occupational safety and health Administration

70
Q

Serum or plasma must be stored at

A

4-6C

71
Q

Combines with calcium with a non ionized form

A

Citrate

72
Q

JCAHO

A

Joint commission on accreditation of health are organizations

73
Q

Major metabolite product of protein catabolism

A

Blood urea nitrogen

74
Q

Chain of infection three elements

A

Source
Method of transmission
Susceptible host

75
Q

How many percent if urea is excreted in the kidney

A

90%

76
Q

Increase BUN

A 
Increase protein catabolism
Hemorrhage in GIT
Shock
Chronic liver disease
Acute or renal disease
77
Q

CAP

A

College of American Pathologists

78
Q

Conversion factor of BUN

A

0.357

79
Q

Second choice. Thumb side

A

Cephalic vein

80
Q

Decrease BUN

A

Low protein intake
Severe vomiting and diarrhea
Liver disease
Pregnancy

81
Q

Excellent marker for renal function

A

Creatinine

82
Q

Method in BUN measurement

A

Urease test

83
Q

Drainage characteristic that absence of etched ring, liquid is allowed to drain by gravity

A

Self draining

84
Q

Enzymes in urease test

A

Urease

Glutamate dehydrogenase

85
Q

Relationship of serum creatinine with GFR

A

Inversely proportional

86
Q

Formula of BUN measurement

A

(A1-A2) sample
—————— x C standard
(A1-A2) standard

87
Q

Reference interval of TP

A

6.5-8.3 g/dL

65-83 g/L

88
Q

Absorbance in measuring BUN

A

348nm

89
Q

Pathologic condition that causes increase BUN

A

Acute glomerulonephritis
Azotemia
Renal failure

90
Q

CDC

A

Center for disease control and prevention

91
Q

Method to measure Creatinine

A

Jaffe reaction

92
Q

Component of Jaffe reagent

A

Picric acid

Sodium hydroxide

93
Q

Absorbance used to measure creatinine

A

500nm

94
Q

Reference interval for creatinine

A

Male: .9-1.3 mg/dL (80-115umol/L)
Female: 0.6-1.1mg/dL (53-97 umol/L)

95
Q

Formula of creatinine measurement

A

A2-A1 sample
—————– x C standard
A2-A1 standard

96
Q

Compound that is primarily synthesized in the liver

A

Total protein

97
Q

Method in albumin

A

Bromcresol green dye binding method

98
Q

Protein that is not synthesized in the liver

A

Immunoglobulins

99
Q

Silica particles cause the blood to clot within

A

15-30 mins

100
Q

Total protein is measured to determine

A

General information regarding disease state in many organ systems
Assessing state of dehydration
Assessing liver function

101
Q

Method of determination of total protein

A

Biuret method

102
Q

Very useful marker for synthetic function of the liver

A

Albumin

103
Q

End color in biuret method

A

Violet

104
Q

Waste product of creatine metabolism and excretion rate of it is a function of muscle mass

A

Creatinine

105
Q

What part of protein is being measured in biuret method

A

Protein peptide bonds

106
Q

Incubation period of TP

A

10mins at room temp

107
Q

Absorbance used to measure TP

A

546nm

108
Q

Conversion factor of albumin

A

10

109
Q

Conversion factor of TP

A

10

110
Q

Most abundant plasma protein

A

Albumin

111
Q

Artifactual increased of albumin

A

Prolonged tourniquet

Evaporation prior to analysis

112
Q

Absorbance used in albumin

A

578nm

113
Q

Incubation of albumin before measuring the absorbance

A

5mins at room temp

114
Q

Formula of albumin

A

Absorbance of unknown
—————————– x standard
Absorbance of standard

115
Q

Reference range in albumin

A

3.5-5.5 g/dL

35-55 g/L

116
Q

Dye used in albumin method

A

Bromcresol green or purple dye

117
Q

Formula for determining TP concentration

A

Absorbance of unknown
—————————– x standard
Absorbance of standard

119
Q

Reference range of BUN

A

6-20mg/dL

2.1-7.1mmol/L

Clinical Chemistry (6 decks)

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