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1
Q

What are lipids primarily composed of?

A

C-H bonds

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2
Q

What is a primary function of lipids in living cells?

A

Energy storage

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3
Q

What type of bonds and terminal group do fatty acids have?

A

C-H bonds and -COOH

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4
Q

How are fatty acids classified when they are bound to albumin?

A

Unesterified

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5
Q

Which type of fatty acid contains no double bonds?

A

Saturated

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6
Q

How many fatty acids are attached to one molecule of glycerol in triglycerides?

A

3

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7
Q

What kind of lipid is cholesterol classified as?

A

Unsaturated steroidal alcohol

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8
Q

What is the primary role of chylomicrons?

A

Transport triglycerides after a meal

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9
Q

Which lipoprotein is known as ‘good cholesterol’?

A

HDL

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10
Q

In which lipoprotein is apoprotein B-100, along with some E, found on its surface?

A

IDL

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11
Q

Which enzyme is involved in the breakdown of triglycerides?

A

Lipase

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12
Q

What type of lipid metabolism disorder is associated with extremely elevated triglycerides due to enzyme deficiencies?

A

Hypertriglyceridemia

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13
Q

Which method is used for cholesterol measurement characterized by the Liebermann-Burchardt Reaction?

A

Bloors Method

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14
Q

What characterizes Familial Hypercholesterolemia?

A

Increased LDL cholesterol with normal intracellular cholesterol

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15
Q

Hypoalphalipoproteinemia is indicated by a decrease in which circulating lipoprotein?

A

HDL

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16
Q

Which disease is an extreme form of hypoalphalipoproteinemia characterized by the absence of HDL?

A

Tangier’s Disease

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17
Q

What is the primary function of chylomicrons in the body?

A

Transport dietary triglycerides

18
Q

Which lipoprotein is like a ‘cleanup crew’ gathering excess cholesterol?

A

High-density lipoproteins (HDLs)

19
Q

According to the notes, what causes cardiovascular disease when in excess?

A

Cholesterol

20
Q

What is the primary role of cholesterol in lipoproteins?

A

Facilitating triglyceride transport

21
Q

Which fatty acid is most commonly found in dietary trans fats due to food processing?

A

Elaidic acid

22
Q

Triglycerides from plant sources are rich in which type of fatty acids?

A

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

23
Q

Which of the following is the most common phospholipid found in cell membranes?

A

Phosphatidylcholine

24
Q

What type of lipid molecule is characterized by having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions?

A

Amphipathic lipid

25
Q

Where is cholesterol primarily synthesized in the body?

A

Cytosolic compartment

26
Q

Which enzyme is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis?

A

HMG-CoA reductase (HMHCR)

27
Q

What type of bond attaches fatty acids to the glycerol backbone in triglycerides?

A

Ester bond

28
Q

What is the primary adverse effect of trans fatty acids on lipoproteins?

A

Elevation of LDL and decrease in HDL

29
Q

Which lipid is classified as a neutral lipid due to lack of charged or polar hydrophilic groups?

A

Triglyceride

30
Q

What structural component allows apolipoproteins to bind lipids?

A

Amphipathic α helix

31
Q

What is the main role of lipoproteins?

A

To deliver fuel to peripheral cells

32
Q

Which apolipoprotein is the principal protein of LDL, VLDL, and chylomicrons?

A

Apo B

33
Q

What apolipoprotein is a ligand for the LDL receptor?

A

Apo B100

34
Q

Which lipoprotein particle contains Apo B48 and is known for its large size?

A

Chylomicrons

35
Q

What happens to chylomicron triglycerides and cholesteryl esters once they enter the circulation?

A

They are hydrolyzed by lipases

36
Q

Which lipoprotein is primarily produced by the liver and is rich in triglycerides?

A

VLDL

37
Q

Which lipoprotein particle is primarily synthesized by both the liver and the intestine?

HDL

A

HDL

38
Q

Which lipoprotein particle can infiltrate into the extracellular space of vessel walls, leading to potential plaque formation?

A

LDL

39
Q

What is the main lipid component of Lipoprotein X?

A

Phospholipids

40
Q

What is the primary function of chylomicrons?

A

To deliver dietary lipids to hepatic and peripheral cells

41
Q

Which lipoprotein particles reflect light and cause turbidity in fasting hyperlipidemic plasma specimens?

A

VLDL

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