CC Flashcards
What are lipids primarily composed of?
C-H bonds
What is a primary function of lipids in living cells?
Energy storage
What type of bonds and terminal group do fatty acids have?
C-H bonds and -COOH
How are fatty acids classified when they are bound to albumin?
Unesterified
Which type of fatty acid contains no double bonds?
Saturated
How many fatty acids are attached to one molecule of glycerol in triglycerides?
3
What kind of lipid is cholesterol classified as?
Unsaturated steroidal alcohol
What is the primary role of chylomicrons?
Transport triglycerides after a meal
Which lipoprotein is known as ‘good cholesterol’?
HDL
In which lipoprotein is apoprotein B-100, along with some E, found on its surface?
IDL
Which enzyme is involved in the breakdown of triglycerides?
Lipase
What type of lipid metabolism disorder is associated with extremely elevated triglycerides due to enzyme deficiencies?
Hypertriglyceridemia
Which method is used for cholesterol measurement characterized by the Liebermann-Burchardt Reaction?
Bloors Method
What characterizes Familial Hypercholesterolemia?
Increased LDL cholesterol with normal intracellular cholesterol
Hypoalphalipoproteinemia is indicated by a decrease in which circulating lipoprotein?
HDL
Which disease is an extreme form of hypoalphalipoproteinemia characterized by the absence of HDL?
Tangier’s Disease
What is the primary function of chylomicrons in the body?
Transport dietary triglycerides
Which lipoprotein is like a ‘cleanup crew’ gathering excess cholesterol?
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs)
According to the notes, what causes cardiovascular disease when in excess?
Cholesterol
What is the primary role of cholesterol in lipoproteins?
Facilitating triglyceride transport
Which fatty acid is most commonly found in dietary trans fats due to food processing?
Elaidic acid
Triglycerides from plant sources are rich in which type of fatty acids?
Polyunsaturated fatty acids
Which of the following is the most common phospholipid found in cell membranes?
Phosphatidylcholine
What type of lipid molecule is characterized by having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions?
Amphipathic lipid
Where is cholesterol primarily synthesized in the body?
Cytosolic compartment
Which enzyme is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis?
HMG-CoA reductase (HMHCR)
What type of bond attaches fatty acids to the glycerol backbone in triglycerides?
Ester bond
What is the primary adverse effect of trans fatty acids on lipoproteins?
Elevation of LDL and decrease in HDL
Which lipid is classified as a neutral lipid due to lack of charged or polar hydrophilic groups?
Triglyceride
What structural component allows apolipoproteins to bind lipids?
Amphipathic α helix
What is the main role of lipoproteins?
To deliver fuel to peripheral cells
Which apolipoprotein is the principal protein of LDL, VLDL, and chylomicrons?
Apo B
What apolipoprotein is a ligand for the LDL receptor?
Apo B100
Which lipoprotein particle contains Apo B48 and is known for its large size?
Chylomicrons
What happens to chylomicron triglycerides and cholesteryl esters once they enter the circulation?
They are hydrolyzed by lipases
Which lipoprotein is primarily produced by the liver and is rich in triglycerides?
VLDL
Which lipoprotein particle is primarily synthesized by both the liver and the intestine?
HDL
HDL
Which lipoprotein particle can infiltrate into the extracellular space of vessel walls, leading to potential plaque formation?
LDL
What is the main lipid component of Lipoprotein X?
Phospholipids
What is the primary function of chylomicrons?
To deliver dietary lipids to hepatic and peripheral cells
Which lipoprotein particles reflect light and cause turbidity in fasting hyperlipidemic plasma specimens?
VLDL
