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Assessment, Personality and Psychopathology > CBT Model > Flashcards

CBT Model Flashcards

1
Q

Basic Idea of CBT Model

A

→ combines principles from cognitive and behavioural psychology

→ it is not the situation itself, but how we interpret the situation

  • Challenges established thought patterns
  • Break learned and conditional behaviours that are maladaptive
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2
Q

Beck’s Level of Cognition

A

Core Beliefs → intermediate beliefs and assumptions → automatic thoughts and images

When an activating event triggers a core belief then we process information through the lenses of that core belief in a biased manner

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3
Q

Core Beliefs (Beck)

A
  • Beliefs about self, others and the future
  • If these are thought of negatively then it becomes Beck’s triad of negative beliefs
  • Absolute, inflexible and generalised
  • Lovability, helplessness and adequacy
  • Develops from messages received early in life and during stressful moments
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4
Q

Intermediate Beliefs and Assumptions (Beck)

A
  • Rigid, conditional rules for living
  • Impossible standards, do not take into account events and challenges that get in the way of our lives
  • If-then conditional statements and rules
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5
Q

Automatic Thoughts/Images (Beck)

A
  • Spontaneous
  • Distorted and consistent with core belief
  • Distortion in thinking (cognitive distortions)
  • Black and white thinking
  • Overgeneralization
  • Catastrophizing
  • Disqualifying the poitive
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6
Q

Cognitive Distortions

A
  • Black and white thinking
  • Overgeneralization
  • Catastrophizing
  • Disqualifying the positive
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7
Q

Learning Theory

A

Classical conditioning
- E.G specific phobia of dogs
- Fear response in absence of actual threat

Operant conditioning

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8
Q

Social Learning Theory

A

People learn from one another via observation, imitation and modelling

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9
Q

Formulation (as Longitudinal or Cross-sectional)

A

formulation: conceptualising how the clients difficulties have developed and are maintained

  • hypothesise the causes, precipitants and maintaining factors of the clients condition

May involve a longitudinal perspective

  • Early experiences trigger similar thoughts/behaviours

May be cross-sectional

  • Padesky and Mooney
  • Focus on the immediate, here and now
  • Illustrates how thoughts, emotions, physical sensations and behaviour all interact and affect each other
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10
Q

CBT

A

Practical, action-oriented, short-term (5 to 20 sessions), emphasis on present rather than early childhood, understand how thinking, emotions and behaviour are linked and strategies for reducing symptoms and building skills

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11
Q

Key Elements of CBT

A

Assessment

  • Client’s background
  • Current difficulties
    Strengths

Formulation

Psychoeducation

  • Psychological principles and knowledge to gain understanding
  • Links thoughts, feelings, physical sensations and behaviour
  • CBT - structure, process, evidence base
  • Goals are specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, relevant, time-limited
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12
Q

Cognitive Techniques used in CBT

A
  • focus
  • cognitive restructuring
  • socratic questioning
  • behavioural experiments
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13
Q

Focus (Cognitive CBT Technique)

A
  • Target dysfunctional beliefs and thoughts
  • Monitor thoughts and emotions with thought diaries or thought records
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14
Q

Cognitive Restructuring (Cognitive CBT Technique)

A
  • Challenge automatic thoughts by considering evidence for and against them
  • Generate balanced alternative appraisal
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15
Q

Socratic Questioning (Cognitive CBT Technique)

A
  • Systematic questioning to arrive at ‘the truth’
  • Guided discovery, to foster critical thinking
  • What is another way to look at it, why do you think I ask that question
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16
Q

Behavioural Experiments (Cognitive CBT Technique)

A
  • test assumptions and beliefs
17
Q

Behavioural Techniques used in CBT

A
  • behavioural activation
  • contingency management
  • exposure
18
Q

Behavioural Activation (Behavioural CBT Technique)

A
  • Increase client activity
  • Reinforce situations that improve mood and functioning
  • Important for consistent depressed mood within a vicious cycle
19
Q

Contingency Management (Behavioural CBT Technique)

A
  • Operant conditioning aims to reinforce desirable behaviours and decrease those that are undesirable
  • Particularly useful for young adolescents
20
Q

Exposure (Behavioural CBT Technique)

A
  • Break escape pattern that maintains a fear
  • Social anxiety, panic disorder, OCD, PTSD

Types

  • In vivo (real life exposure - fearful situations)
  • Imaginal (imagine a situation where they are afraid)
  • Interoceptive (confronting feared bodily symptoms such as increased heart rate)
21
Q

Additional Skills used in CBT

A
  • Problem solving
  • Assertiveness training
  • Relaxation techniques
  • Use a combination of strategies in practice
22
Q

“Homework” used in CBT

A
  • practice between sessions, better outcomes than those who do not
23
Q

Collaborative Empiricism

A
  • therapeutic relationship
  • active and directive therapist
24
Q

Limitations to Homework

A
  • Commitment, specifically homework tasks
  • Underlying causes of mental health are not addressed
  • Focus on individual,
    meaning wider problems, systems and family are not addressed
  • Standard CBT not effective for more complex presentations
25
Q

CBT: Third-wave interventions

A
  • Focus on relationships to thoughts and emotions rather than content
  • Mindfulness, emotions, acceptance, relationships, values, meta-cognition

E.g
- Acceptance and commitment therapy

  • Dialectical behavioural therapy
  • Schema therapy
  • Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
  • Meta-cognitive therapy

Assessment, Personality and Psychopathology (18 decks)

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