CBL - Lab Results (Miscellaneous) Flashcards
What is BUN?
What organ system(s) does it help assess?
Blood urea nitrogen;
the kidneys
Blood urea nitrogen is a byproduct of catabolism of what?
Why would it be elevated in cases of renal disease?
Protein, muscle, blood;
the kidneys excrete BUN in the urine
Dysfunction of what organ is most likely to result in an elevated BUN level?
Dysfunction of what organ is most likely to result in an decreased BUN level?
The kidneys;
the liver
The BUN/creatinine ratio is normally:
20:1
What two products of protein catabolism will be elevated in the blood in cases of renal insufficiency?
BUN;
creatinine
An elevated creatinine and BUN in a patient would indicate what?
Renal dysfunction
What does the enzyme creatine kinase do?
Phosphorlyates creatine
(creating phosphocreatine, a storage form for ATP high-energy bonds)
Name the serum substance that is likely to be elevated in all of the following conditions:
dehydration, CHF, GI bleeding, starvation, shock, urinary tract obstruction.
BUN
What is the most common infectious agent of UTIs?
E. coli
What are hilar markings?
The shadow of the hila seen on chest X-ray
What is a potential cause of increased hilar markings/shadow on CXR?
Left-sided CHF
(backing up into the pulmonary circuit)
What are normal arterial pO2 readings?
85 - 95 mmHg
What is the normal arterial pCO2 reading?
35 - 45 mmHg
What is a normal SpO2 level?
95 - 98%
What is the range for a normal respiratory rate?
12 - 18 breathes per min.
What are normal BUN levels?
What are normal creatinine levels?
9 - 21 mg/dl
1.0 mg/dl (0.7 - 1.2)
What is furosemide?
Where in its target organ does it act?
A loop diuretic;
the ascending loop of Henle
How does furosemide cause diuresis?
Inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the ascending loop of Henle
What is hydrochlorothiazide?
Where in its target organ does it act?
A diuretic;
the distal convoluted tubule
How does hydrochlorothiazide cause diuresis?
Inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the DCT
In addition to decreasing sodium reabsorption in the ascending loop of Henle, what other effect does furosemide have on the kidney?
Increases prostaglanding production –> renal artery vasodilation –> increased renal flow
What is an example of a β-blocker specific to β1 receptors that is commonly used to treat hypertension?
Metoprolol
A high-pitched whistle made during inspiration or expiration is termed a _________.
A low-pitched whistle made during inspiration or expiration is termed a _________.
Wheeze;
rhonchi
What is another term for crackles?
What are crackles?
What causes them?
Rales;
short, explosive sounds — bubbling, rattling, or clicking;
fluid in the lungs (CHF, pneumonia, COPD, etc.)
What is indicated by jugular venous distention (which jugular vein in particular)?
Elevated central venous pressure (internal jugular v.);
What test can be used to look for right ventricular failure?
The hepatojugular (abdominojugular) test
For what condition is the hepatojugular (abdominojugular) test used to identify?
Right ventricular failure
What is the normal hematocrit (range) for a man?
What is the normal hematocrit (range) for a woman?
47% (39 - 48)
42% (36 - 45
What is a normal serum sodium level?
What is a normal serum potassium level?
What is a normal BUN level?
What is a normal serum creatinine level?
140 mg/dl (135 - 145)
4.6 mg/dl (3.5 - 5.5)
5 - 20 mg/dl
1 mg/dl
What is normal blood osmolality?
290 mOsmol / Kg
