CB1- Cells Flashcards
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Controls what enters and leaves the cell.
What is inside cytoplasm?
Ribosomes.
What is the function of ribosomes?
Make new proteins for the cell.
What is the function of the nucleus?
Controls the cell and its activities.
What’s inside the nucleus?
Chromosones which contain DNA.
What’s a eukaryotic cell?
A cell with a nucleus.
What is the function of chloroplasts?
Where the plant makes glucose using photosynthesis.
What’s found inside chloroplasts?
Chlorophyll.
What’s the function of chlorophyll?
It traps energy transferred by light.
What is a cytoplasm?
The watery jelly inside a cell where the cells activities take place.
What is DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic acid (contains genetic information).
What is a vacuole?
Storage space in cells.
What is an acrosome?
A small vacuole in the tip of the head of a sperm cell. Contains enzymes.
What is an adaptation?
The feature that something has to enable it to a certain function.
What is a ciliated epithelial cell?
A cell that lines certain tubes in the body and has cilia on the surface.
What are cilia?
Small hair-like structures on the surface of some cells.
What is digestion?
A process that breaks molecules into smaller more soluble substances.
What does it mean if a cell is diploid?
Has 2 sets of chromosones.
What is a gamete?
A sex cell.
What is an egg cell?
The female gamete.
What is an embryo?
An unborn offspring growing by cell division from a zygote.
What is an enzyme?
A substance that can speed up some processes in living things.
What is fertilisation?
Fusing of a male gamete with a female gamete.
What does it mean if a cell is haploid?
One set of chromosones.
What is a microvillus?
A fold on the surface of a villus cell.
What is the function of a microvillus?
Increase the surface area so digested food is absorbed faster.
What is an oviduct?
A tube that carries egg cells from the ovaries to the uterus.
What happens in the oviduct?
Fertilisation.
What is a specialised cell?
A cell that is adapted for a specific function.
What’s is a sperm cell?
The male gamete.
What is a flagellum?
A tail like structure that rotates, allowing a unicellular organism to move.
What is a plasmid?
A small loop of DNA.
Where would you find a plasmid?
In the cytoplasm of bacteria.
What is a catalyst?
A substance that speeds up the rate of a reaction without itself being used up.
What is digestion?
The process that breaks molecules into smaller more soluble substances.
What is a monomer?
A small molecule that can join with other molecules like itself.
What is a polymer?
A substance made up of very long molecules containing repeating groups of atoms.
What is a substrate?
A substance that is changed during a reaction.
What is synthesis?
Building a large molecule from smaller subunits.
What is an active site?
The space in an enzyme where the substrate fits during an enzyme catalysed reaction.
What is a denatured enzyme?
Where the shape of the active site has changed so much that it’s substrate no longer fits and the reaction can’t happen.
What does the lock and key model show?
The way a substrate fits in its active site.
What is an optimum pH?
The pH at which an enzyme catalysed reaction works fastest.
What is an optimum temperature?
The temperature at which an enzyme catalysed reaction works at its fastest.
What is active transport?
The movement of particles across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to higher (against concentration gradient).
Does the process of active transport require energy?
Yes.
What is diffusion?
When particles spread and mix with each other without anything moving them.
What happens in a mitochondrion?
Aerobic respiration.
What is osmosis?
When molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one.
What is a passive process?
Doesn’t require energy.
What does it mean to be semi-permeable?
Something that will allow certain particles through but not others.
What is a solute?
A solid that has dissolved into a liquid to make a solution.
What is a solvent?
The liquid in which a substance dissolves to make a solution.
What is the sub-unit monomer of protein?
Amino acids.
What is the sub-unit monomer of carbohydrates?
Glucose.
What is the sub-unit monomer of lipids?
Fatty acids & glycerol.
Which type of smaller molecule are enzymes built from?
Amino acids.
Why do most enzymes only work with one substrate?
Only substrates with the same shape can take part in the reaction.
What is the function of a root hair cell?
To absorb water and minerals (large surface area).
