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Biology > CB1- Cells > Flashcards

CB1- Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

Controls what enters and leaves the cell.

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2
Q

What is inside cytoplasm?

A

Ribosomes.

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3
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

Make new proteins for the cell.

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4
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Controls the cell and its activities.

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5
Q

What’s inside the nucleus?

A

Chromosones which contain DNA.

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6
Q

What’s a eukaryotic cell?

A

A cell with a nucleus.

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7
Q

What is the function of chloroplasts?

A

Where the plant makes glucose using photosynthesis.

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8
Q

What’s found inside chloroplasts?

A

Chlorophyll.

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9
Q

What’s the function of chlorophyll?

A

It traps energy transferred by light.

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10
Q

What is a cytoplasm?

A

The watery jelly inside a cell where the cells activities take place.

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11
Q

What is DNA?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid (contains genetic information).

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12
Q

What is a vacuole?

A

Storage space in cells.

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13
Q

What is an acrosome?

A

A small vacuole in the tip of the head of a sperm cell. Contains enzymes.

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14
Q

What is an adaptation?

A

The feature that something has to enable it to a certain function.

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15
Q

What is a ciliated epithelial cell?

A

A cell that lines certain tubes in the body and has cilia on the surface.

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16
Q

What are cilia?

A

Small hair-like structures on the surface of some cells.

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17
Q

What is digestion?

A

A process that breaks molecules into smaller more soluble substances.

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18
Q

What does it mean if a cell is diploid?

A

Has 2 sets of chromosones.

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19
Q

What is a gamete?

A

A sex cell.

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20
Q

What is an egg cell?

A

The female gamete.

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21
Q

What is an embryo?

A

An unborn offspring growing by cell division from a zygote.

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22
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

A substance that can speed up some processes in living things.

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23
Q

What is fertilisation?

A

Fusing of a male gamete with a female gamete.

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24
Q

What does it mean if a cell is haploid?

A

One set of chromosones.

25
Q

What is a microvillus?

A

A fold on the surface of a villus cell.

26
Q

What is the function of a microvillus?

A

Increase the surface area so digested food is absorbed faster.

27
Q

What is an oviduct?

A

A tube that carries egg cells from the ovaries to the uterus.

28
Q

What happens in the oviduct?

A

Fertilisation.

29
Q

What is a specialised cell?

A

A cell that is adapted for a specific function.

30
Q

What’s is a sperm cell?

A

The male gamete.

31
Q

What is a flagellum?

A

A tail like structure that rotates, allowing a unicellular organism to move.

32
Q

What is a plasmid?

A

A small loop of DNA.

33
Q

Where would you find a plasmid?

A

In the cytoplasm of bacteria.

34
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

A substance that speeds up the rate of a reaction without itself being used up.

35
Q

What is digestion?

A

The process that breaks molecules into smaller more soluble substances.

36
Q

What is a monomer?

A

A small molecule that can join with other molecules like itself.

37
Q

What is a polymer?

A

A substance made up of very long molecules containing repeating groups of atoms.

38
Q

What is a substrate?

A

A substance that is changed during a reaction.

39
Q

What is synthesis?

A

Building a large molecule from smaller subunits.

40
Q

What is an active site?

A

The space in an enzyme where the substrate fits during an enzyme catalysed reaction.

41
Q

What is a denatured enzyme?

A

Where the shape of the active site has changed so much that it’s substrate no longer fits and the reaction can’t happen.

42
Q

What does the lock and key model show?

A

The way a substrate fits in its active site.

43
Q

What is an optimum pH?

A

The pH at which an enzyme catalysed reaction works fastest.

44
Q

What is an optimum temperature?

A

The temperature at which an enzyme catalysed reaction works at its fastest.

45
Q

What is active transport?

A

The movement of particles across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to higher (against concentration gradient).

46
Q

Does the process of active transport require energy?

A

Yes.

47
Q

What is diffusion?

A

When particles spread and mix with each other without anything moving them.

48
Q

What happens in a mitochondrion?

A

Aerobic respiration.

49
Q

What is osmosis?

A

When molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one.

50
Q

What is a passive process?

A

Doesn’t require energy.

51
Q

What does it mean to be semi-permeable?

A

Something that will allow certain particles through but not others.

52
Q

What is a solute?

A

A solid that has dissolved into a liquid to make a solution.

53
Q

What is a solvent?

A

The liquid in which a substance dissolves to make a solution.

54
Q

What is the sub-unit monomer of protein?

A

Amino acids.

55
Q

What is the sub-unit monomer of carbohydrates?

A

Glucose.

56
Q

What is the sub-unit monomer of lipids?

A

Fatty acids & glycerol.

57
Q

Which type of smaller molecule are enzymes built from?

A

Amino acids.

58
Q

Why do most enzymes only work with one substrate?

A

Only substrates with the same shape can take part in the reaction.

59
Q

What is the function of a root hair cell?

A

To absorb water and minerals (large surface area).

Biology (3 decks)

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