Causes Of Unification

Question 1

What are the 4 main causes of unification?

Answer 1

International support
Piedmont
Nationalism
Indirect causes

Question 2

What did the French do to help unify Italy?

Answer 2

Invested lots of money into helping the Italians build infrastructure.

By 1857 the mount cenis tunnel went through the Alps which meant that Italy now had a protector/ally for unification

Question 3

When was the second Italian war of independence and who did it involve?

Answer 3

1859

Austria and France

Question 4

How did the second Italian war of independence help unify Italy?

Answer 4

Gave Piedmont the power to defeat Austria meaning that Piedmont was able to use piedmontisation and plebiscites to annex the states to Piedmont

Question 5

How did the British help unify Italy?

Answer 5

Let garibaldi stand by in Naples in 1860 meaning that garibaldi was then able to go on and geographically unite Italy

Question 6

When was the 3rd Italian war of independence?

Answer 6

1866
Between Austria and Prussia
Prussia gave Venetia to the French who then gave it to Italy, helping to complete the jigsaw

Question 7

When was the international agreement?

Answer 7

1870
Included great powers such as Spain and Austria
Allowed Italy to gain Rome

Question 8

How did Cavour create political stability?

Answer 8

Through being finance minister, foreign minister and prime minister.

Showed that Italy didn’t need to rely on foreign powers and could be independent

Question 9

When were the central duchies annexed to Piedmont?

Answer 9

1860 after the 3rd Italian war of independence

Piedmont was responsible for the taking over of states from garibaldi meaning that all states were under the same law

Question 10

What is meant by piedmontisation?

Answer 10

Forcing the Piedmontese systems onto the whole of Italy.

Question 11

How did piedmontisation help unify Italy?

Answer 11

Economically and politically supported and stabilised Italy through imposing the same laws, currency and language across Italy.

Question 12

What is the downside to piedmontisation?

Answer 12

Caused social problems and increased the divide between the north and south.

Question 13

How did the legal system of Naples change?

Answer 13

Changed by 53 decrees in just 2 days, showing how quickly Italy was becoming unified

Question 14

How did piedmontisation anger the catholic population?

Answer 14

Piedmontisation meant that 2832 monasteries were abolished to pay for education in the north

Question 15

When did canal building begin?

Answer 15

1857- boosted the construction industry which created more jobs and also increased communication between states, and meant that economic growth could spread throughout states, in order to benefit the whole of Piedmont

Question 16

How much debt was Piedmont in by 1859?

Answer 16

725 million lire- shows the downside to Piedmont’s economic development

Question 17

How did victor Emmanuel help unify Italy?

Answer 17

Part of the Austrian imperial family which meant that he would keep both Austria and Italy happy. However, also scared nationalists as they feared he could be influenced by Austria.

Anti conservative which meant he was more inclined to change however his first protocol was to shell radicals in Genoa suggesting that he was against liberalism

Question 18

Judgment for Piedmont

Answer 18

Piedmont still relied on financial and military support from the French. There were certain periods, 1850-1860 where they were most important but foreign powers played a more significant role in events

Question 19

What was the national society?

Answer 19

Formed in the 1850’s and by 1857 they had 8000 members.

The idea was to promote the unity of Italy, however they didn’t include members of the south showing the divide.

Question 20

What did the national society do?

Answer 20

Created a provisional government in the central duchies to annex them to Piedmont which led to the unification of the north

Question 21

What was young Italy?

Answer 21

Created in 1831 by Mazzini and had 5000 followers.

Question 22

What did young Italy do?

Answer 22

Organised propaganda so unification became more widespread.

Question 23

What were the failures of young Italy?

Answer 23

1834- attempted to invade savoy but failed due to an incompetent general.

1833- attempted to start a mutiny in Piedmont but failed due to being crushed by Charles Albert- showing strength of the monarchy leading to a lack of support

Mazzini was seen as a radical so didn’t gain enough support to carry out mass movements

Question 24

Who was garibaldi?

Answer 24

Involved in 1859 war and was able to geographically unite Italy

Question 25

How did garibaldi unite the north and south?

Answer 25

Through guerilla tactics and leadership

Question 26

What problems did Italy face after geographical unification?

Answer 26

Social divided between the north and south and the south became extremely ignored which led to the brigands war in 1861

Question 27

When was the Crimean war?

Answer 27

1854- Cavour got Piedmont involved in Jan 1855 as the French and GB asked Piedmont for reinforcements.

Question 28

How many Piedmontese troops were sent in to the Crimean war?

Answer 28

18000

Question 29

What was the result of the Piedmont’s involvement in the peace treaty?

Answer 29

Peace treaty
Admiration
Strong diplomatic ties with France and GB showing that Italy were strong enough to defeat Austria

Question 30

When was the Franco Prussian war?

Answer 30

1870

Question 31

How did the Franco Prussian war help unite Italy?

Answer 31

The French left Rome to fight Prussia meaning that Italians were able to take advantage of the power vaccum in Rome and annex it to Piedmont

Question 32

How did Austria help to unite Italy?

Answer 32

The economic challenges from prussia meant that Austrians dominance over Italy declined as they had to solve their own problems which meant that Italy was able to become more independent

Question 33

Judgement of indirect causes

Answer 33

It still involved foreign support to facilitate and provide aid, even if it was indirect it was still down to foreign powers