Causes of Migration

Question 1

what are pull factors of migration?

Answer 1

economic considerations held to dominate motivation of rural migrants pulled into urban areas

Question 2

examples of pull factors

Answer 2

1) higher wage rates in towns

2) ‘managing risk’ by diversifying sources of income

3) securing a given ‘target income’

4) generating funds need to making ‘smoothing’ possible

5) financial implications of certain social variables

6) temporary circular migration

Question 3

influence of personal characteristics on migration

Answer 3

• mostly male
• younger rather than older
• better educated or more highly skilled than non-migrants
• members of larger rather than smaller families
• unmarried or married with less children
• having history of past migratory moves
• having significant social capital resources

Question 4

what are push factors of migration

Answer 4

financial pressures which push migrants out of rural areas

Question 5

examples of push factors

Answer 5

1) poverty

2) unemployment

3) government policies with urban bias that neglect agriculture

Question 6

examples of non-direct financial push factors

Answer 6

1) increasing landlessness

2) lack of non-farm employment opportunities

3) establishing of secure property rights to land

4) improving educational levels

5) escape from exploitation and social immobility

6) escape lack of opportunity for self-advacement

7) welfare/civil unrest