Cattle Industry Flashcards

1
Q

name the mother and father cattle

A

Father: Sire
Mother: Dam

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2
Q

what is a heifer?

A

a cow that has never calved before or for the first time.

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3
Q

what is a bull?

A

a sexually mature male

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4
Q

what is a cow close to calving?

A

Springer

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5
Q

what is a fresh cow?

A

cow just calved that is about to start producing milk

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6
Q

what is a suckler herd?

A

a weaned herd

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7
Q

what are feeder cattle

A

herd just before slaughter that require more food for growth

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8
Q

what is a feedlot

A

an enterprise were cattle are fattened for slaughter

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9
Q

how much does it cost to rear a dairy heifer?

A

£1300

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10
Q

what is the purpose of the red tractor scheme?

A

Monitor animal welfare
track food safety and traceability
check the environment

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11
Q

describe the features of an extensive production system

A

outdoor grazing (housed during winter)
low input low output
larger methane footprint

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12
Q

describe the features of an intensive production system

A

housed indoors
high productivity
lower costs
food provided

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13
Q

how much lying and loafing space should a cow have in loose housing

A

7.5m2 lying
3m2 loafinh

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14
Q

how many hours per day do cows lie down

A

14h

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15
Q

how large should calf pens be

A

1.5m2 to 3m2

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16
Q

how many times an hour should ventillation change in a calf pen?

17
Q

when should a dairy calves get its 1st ear tag

18
Q

when should beef calves get their 1st and 2nd ear tag

A

up to 20 days

19
Q

when should dairy calves get their 2nd ear tag?

A

up to 20 days

20
Q

when should dairy and beef cows apply for their passport

A

up to 27 days

21
Q

what are nutrients used up 1st for?

A

basal metabolism

22
Q

what is a siliage clamp?

A

a bulk of food piled up outside

23
Q

what are the benefits of a total mixed feed?

A

Optimises intake, minimises rumen PH changes
allows flexibility in food type
correct nutrient intake

24
Q

how many hours a day do cows spend cudding?

25
what are some problems of total mixed ration?
may be weighed incorrectly over mixing gives a small chop length so eating is harder metal wire contamination
26
what is cattle sward height
over 3cm
27
what is the role of a vet in cattle farming?
prevent spread of disease emergency work preventative medicine work with feed advisers asses farm management
28
what type of beef are farmed on intensive systems
barely beef (dairy cows) Veal
29
what is the aim of calving per cow per year
1 calf per year
30
how long is a cows gestation period?
9 months (283 days)
31
how old are cows when they are weaned?
12 weeks old
32
when are calves slaughtered for veal?
18-20 weeks
33
what do you feed veal cows
milk formula (no solids)
34
what are the different veal cows?
white veal - continental rose veal - uk
35
what is a castrated male called?
Steer/ Bullock