Cattle Industry

Question 1

name the mother and father cattle

Answer 1

Father: Sire
Mother: Dam

Question 2

what is a heifer?

Answer 2

a cow that has never calved before or for the first time.

Question 3

what is a bull?

Answer 3

a sexually mature male

Question 4

what is a cow close to calving?

Answer 4

Springer

Question 5

what is a fresh cow?

Answer 5

cow just calved that is about to start producing milk

Question 6

what is a suckler herd?

Answer 6

a weaned herd

Question 7

what are feeder cattle

Answer 7

herd just before slaughter that require more food for growth

Question 8

what is a feedlot

Answer 8

an enterprise were cattle are fattened for slaughter

Question 9

how much does it cost to rear a dairy heifer?

Answer 9

£1300

Question 10

what is the purpose of the red tractor scheme?

Answer 10

Monitor animal welfare
track food safety and traceability
check the environment

Question 11

describe the features of an extensive production system

Answer 11

outdoor grazing (housed during winter)
low input low output
larger methane footprint

Question 12

describe the features of an intensive production system

Answer 12

housed indoors
high productivity
lower costs
food provided

Question 13

how much lying and loafing space should a cow have in loose housing

Answer 13

7.5m2 lying
3m2 loafinh

Question 14

how many hours per day do cows lie down

Answer 14

14h

Question 15

how large should calf pens be

Answer 15

1.5m2 to 3m2

Question 16

how many times an hour should ventillation change in a calf pen?

Answer 16

4x/hour

Question 17

when should a dairy calves get its 1st ear tag

Answer 17

up to 36h

Question 18

when should beef calves get their 1st and 2nd ear tag

Answer 18

up to 20 days

Question 19

when should dairy calves get their 2nd ear tag?

Answer 19

up to 20 days

Question 20

when should dairy and beef cows apply for their passport

Answer 20

up to 27 days

Question 21

what are nutrients used up 1st for?

Answer 21

basal metabolism

Question 22

what is a siliage clamp?

Answer 22

a bulk of food piled up outside

Question 23

what are the benefits of a total mixed feed?

Answer 23

Optimises intake, minimises rumen PH changes
allows flexibility in food type
correct nutrient intake

Question 24

how many hours a day do cows spend cudding?

Answer 24

10h

Question 25

what are some problems of total mixed ration?

Answer 25

may be weighed incorrectly
over mixing gives a small chop length so eating is harder
metal wire contamination

Question 26

what is cattle sward height

Answer 26

over 3cm

Question 27

what is the role of a vet in cattle farming?

Answer 27

prevent spread of disease
emergency work
preventative medicine
work with feed advisers
asses farm management

Question 28

what type of beef are farmed on intensive systems

Answer 28

barely beef (dairy cows)
Veal

Question 29

what is the aim of calving per cow per year

Answer 29

1 calf per year

Question 30

how long is a cows gestation period?

Answer 30

9 months (283 days)

Question 31

how old are cows when they are weaned?

Answer 31

12 weeks old

Question 32

when are calves slaughtered for veal?

Answer 32

18-20 weeks

Question 33

what do you feed veal cows

Answer 33

milk formula (no solids)

Question 34

what are the different veal cows?

Answer 34

white veal - continental
rose veal - uk

Question 35

what is a castrated male called?

Answer 35

Steer/ Bullock