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CATHOLIC CHRISTIANITY Flashcards

1
Q

What is the significance of God’s role as The Father?

A

He is the ultimate creator of all life and in the same way a parent cares for their child, God cares for his creations.

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2
Q

What is the significance of God’s role as The Son?

A

AKA Jesus Christ, God sent his only son to earth as a sacrifice to redeem the sins of humanity and bring salvation in the form of eternal life.

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3
Q

What is the significance of God’s role as the Holy Spirit?

A

The Holy spirit is the presence of God in the world. (Often represented as a Dove)

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4
Q

Easy way to remember the roles of the trinity

A

Outside, beside, inside. God the father is outside humanity, watching over us, his creations. Jesus the son is beside humanity, guiding them on the path to salvation. The holy spirit is within, present inside all of us.

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5
Q

SOWA about the trinity (1)

A

The trinity is one. We do not confess three gods but one god in three persons. - CCC

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6
Q

Who called the council of nicea?

A

The Emperor Constantine

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7
Q

Why was the council of Nicea important?

A

Those who attended decided on the divine nature of Jesus and his relationship to God the Father

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8
Q

SOWA for the trinity’s presence at Jesus’ baptism

A

‘The spirit of God descended like a dove, a voice from heaven saying, “This is my beloved son, with whom I am pleased”’ - MATTHEW

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9
Q

What did god create on which days?

A

DAYS 1 AND 2 - Light and Sky
DAY 3 - Dry Land and Plants
DAY 4 - Sun, Moon, Stars
DAY 5 - Sea + Flying Creatures
DAY 6 - Land animals and Humans

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10
Q

SOWA FOR CREATION

A

I believe in One God […] maker of heaven and Earth, of all things visible and invisible
- Nicene creed

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11
Q

Why is it significant that God created humans in his own image?

A

It is significant because it means we share certain characteristics with him such as being loving and as a result we should use our free will to be closer to him.

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12
Q

What is Imago Dei?

A

Imago Dei is the idea that humans are made in the image of God. As a result, we are meant to be stewards of the land and have dominion. We must care for the world and maintain balance in nature.

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13
Q

What is the incarnation?

A

The incarnation is the belief that God took human form to become Jesus. (To take on flesh) This means Jesus is fully God and Fully human.

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14
Q

SOWA about the incarnation

A

‘And the word became flesh, and dwelt among us’ JOHN

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15
Q

How is Jesus represented as the divine word?

A

Jesus was omniscient and omnipotent, so he knew Judas would betray him and Peter would deny him. He also performed miracles, such as the curing of the blind man and the feeding of the 5000.

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16
Q

Why is the incarnation important.

A

It serves as proof God would send a saviour
It shows God as the father wanting to be closer to his creations
Representative of the trinity

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17
Q

What was the process of the Paschal Mystery?

A

Jesus’ life, death, resurrection and ascension.

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18
Q

What is redemptive efficacy?

A

A catholic idea that suggested the most effective way to save the sins of humanity was through jesus’ sacrifice.

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19
Q

What is the mysterious aspect of the Paschal Mystery?

A

Humans cannot truly comprehend the fact Jesus resurrected, with even his disciples doubting that he rose from the dead. This is mentioned in the book of Luke.

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20
Q

Why is the paschal mystery significant to Christians today?

A

It reminds them that Living, Dying and Rising are part of the Catholic experience, and if they are struggling, as long as they maintain faith and Jesus’ teachings they will eventually reach heaven.

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21
Q

SOWA about the paschal mystery

A

‘And the word became flesh for us in order to save us’ - CCC

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22
Q

Why is salvation and Grace important?

A

It reminds Catholics of God’s love for humanity to sacrifice his only son
It represents the reconciliation of God and Humanity through Jesus. As a result Christians feel they have a responsibility to reconcile with other Christians.

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23
Q

What to Catholics believe about life after death?

A

The soul of a person will go to Heaven or Purgatory.
Purification is for souls with unforgiven sins to be purified.
Souls that have not achieved salvation will go to Hell.

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24
Q

SOWA about eschatology

A

CORINTHIANS says all Christians will have a non-physical home in heaven and because we aim for heaven we should be doing all we can to please god.

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25
What are some divergent views about life after death
PROTESTANTS do not believe in purgatory. Some argue there is also no hell, just levels of heaven. Some EVANGELICAL PROTESTANTS believe in resurrection of the body and an ultimate day of judgement which everyone will be raised for. LIBERAL PROTESTANTS believe the soul lives on in a spirit world depending on how one lived their life.
26
What is a good mnemonic to remember the 7 sacraments?
BRECHMA
27
What is a sacrament
A ritual that teaches, strengthens and expresses faith.
28
What are the 7 sacraments?
BAPTISM RECONCILIATION EUCHARIST CONFIRMATION HOLY ORDERS MARRIAGE ANOINTING OF THE SICK
29
SOWA about the sacraments
'The seven sacraments touch all stages and all important moments of Christian life.' -CCC
30
Baptism
Jesus was baptised and after his resurrection he told his disciples to do the same and to repeat this for any new disciples welcomed into the church. Many Christians believe **Infant baptism** cleanses a person of the original sin they are born with.
31
What is Believers' Baptism?
Many evangelical denominations believe baptism should only occur once the person is an adult and able to make the choice to accept Christianity into their lives. This person is submerged fully in holy water 3 times.
32
SOWA about baptism
Jesus' instructions were to 'baptise in the name of the Father, the son, and the holy spirit'
33
Eucharist
Christians use the sacrament of the Eucharist to remember the last supper. It involves Christians being spiritually fed with bread and wine that represents the body and blood of Christ.
34
What is transubstantiation?
The belief that the bread and wine become the body and blood of christ
35
Why is the eucharist important
It is considered the 'The source and summit of all Christian life' ***(CCC SOWA)*** because Christian spirituality **flows** from it (source) and therefore christian actions should be directed **towards** it. (summmit)
36
What are the three sacraments of initiation?
Baptism, Confirmation and the Eucharist.
37
What is Chrism?
A special oil used for anointing
38
Confirmation
A sign that a person has reached maturity and can now take responsibility for their own faith. It is because those who are considered new adults in the church (young teenagers) can renew and confirm vows made on their behalf at baptism.
39
What are the 4 stages of confirmation?
**Presentation of candidate** - individuals waiting on confirmation are summoned **Renewal of baptismal vows** **Laying on of hands** - the individual kneels before the priest, and has a sponsor place their right hand on the individual's shoulder and the priest place their hands on the individual's head, to call down the blessing of God **Anointing**
40
Whose gifts are sealed at confirmation?
The gifts of the holy spirit.
41
What is penance?
(aka reconciliation) Voluntary acceptance of punishment to show regret for wrongdoing.
42
Why is reconciliation important?
It allows Catholics to find God's forgiveness.
43
What does reconciliation mean?
'To be at peace again'
44
What are the 4 stages of forgiveness?
Contrition - state of feeling remorseful Confession - priest helps Catholics to confess. Satisfaction - the priest sets a task or suggests prayers needed in order to achieve forgiveness. (sometimes called penance) Absolution - Release from feeling of guilt
45
SOWA for reconciliation
'You will cast out all our sins into the depths of the sea.' - MICAH
46
Anointing of the sick
Given by a priest, this is often a Catholic's final sacrament. It is given to those who are at risk of becoming more ill or likely to die soon. It is often given in a hospital but can be given at home.
47
Why is anointing of the sick important?
It brings spiritual comfort to the sick. Jesus showed special care for the sick and told his followers to do the same.
48
What are the aims of anointing the sick?
Spiritual comfort - people who are anointed receive grace via the holy spirit Forgiveness of sins Strength and courage to accept illness (having faith in God's plan) Relief from anxiety
49
SOWA about anointing the sick
'He took our infirmities and bore our diseases' - MATTHEW
50
Marriage
For catholics, it is a sign one is giving themselves wholly to another. It exemplifies family values and God's values so is often seen as a statement about God.
51
What do the rings symbolise?
They represent endless love and serve as a reminder that God is active in the lives of the couple.
52
What is Ordination?
(AKA HOLY ORDERS) The process taken to become a minister of the church.
53
What is a deacon?
A church minister on below the level of the priest.
54
What happens through ordination?
A man proclaims the gospel and vows to lead his fellow Catholics by bringing them the sacraments (particularly the eucharist)
55
What are the three levels of holy orders?
Being ordained a deacon/priest/bishop
56
What is the sacramental nature of reality?
The concept that God's presence can be seen in all of his creations.
57
What is liturgical worship?
A church service that follows a predetermined structure. (also worship in a public setting)
58
How often is the eucharist (mass)
Weekly
59
SOWA for liturgical worship
Eucharist source and summit (CCC)
60
What is Evangelical worship?
Worship in Evangelical churches is non-liturgical (non structured) and sometimes takes place in an auditorium. These Christians often have pop-style music performances and people will clap, sing or shout as they worship with their entire bodies. People believe the holy spirit is present during these worships.
61
How do Quakers worship?
Quakers often gather in a house to worship and there are no hymns, prayers or sermons. Everybody is seen as equal and there is mostly silence for connecting with God unless someone wants to express a thought.
62
What is worship?
Any act that shows love or devotion to God.
63
Private worship
Can be liturgical, but is informal and done at home. Some examples are: Giving thanks for a meal Reading a bible passage daily Praying the rosary
64
For Catholics, what happens when someone dies (funeral)
Certain acts or ceremonies called Rites are performed to honour the deceased, and to celebrate and remember them. These rites are important because for Catholics they are part of the process for the person to continue to the next life.
65
What is a vigil
A special candlelit service that can be performed at home. It remembers the person who died.
66
What is the Office of the dead?
A prayer cycle Catholics use when someone dies
67
Funeral rites at church
The body is taken to church with clergy and mourners. A paschal candle is lit by the head of the coffin once it is set down. The coffin is also sprinkled with holy water and a requiem mass may be sung.
68
What is a requiem mass?
Eucharist service to remember the recently departed
69
SOWA for funeral rite
'Away from the body and at home with the Lord.' CCC
70
Rites at the cemetery
Burial is traditionally chosen over cremation as many believe that the body must be intact for resurrection for the final judgement.
71
Where is the coffin taken?
To Consecrated Ground (land made holy for burials) and buried.
72
Why are funerals important to catholics
It is an important part of mourning for many. It helps people to remember the life of a person.
73
What is prayer?
A two way method of communication that allows Christians to talk to and potentially receive signs back from God.
74
SOWA for prayer
'Prayer is the raising of one's mind and heart to God' CCC
75
Why is prayer important?
Many feel it deepens their connection with God.
76
What does the acronym [ACTS and I] stand for?
**A**doration (praising god) **C**onfession (saying sorry to god) **T**hanksgiving **S**upplication (requesting something) **I**ntercession (praying for somebody)
77
What is the Lord's prayer?
'Our father, you art in heaven, hallowed be thy name...'
78
What does the Lord's prayer do?
1. Accepts God as holy 2. Teaches that if everyone followed God's rules, his kingdom would be complete 3. Asks for basic survival needs 4. Teaches importance of forgiveness 5. Asks for help not to sin
79
What is popular piety?
The most common ways Catholics show devotion to God.
80
What is the difference between the **R**osary and the **r**osary
The Rosary (capital R) refers to a form of prayer in the catholic church. The rosary (lowercase r) is the string of beads used when saying the above prayers.
81
Why is the Rosary important?
It emphasises the importance of the virgin Mary, God's power and the role of Jesus.
82
What is eucharistic adoration?
When Catholics praise God's presence in the form of the body and blood of Christ.
83
What is stations of the cross?
14 images that depict Jesus on the day of his crucifixion. These are ordered so Jesus travels from image to image. Catholics pray at each.
84
What is a pilgrimage?
A religious Journey a person takes to a place of religious significance.
85
Where do people go on pilgrimage?
Many go to Lourdes after Bernadette Sibourous had a vision of the Virgin Mary and a healing spring appeared. Many go to Rome as it is the location of Vatican City (home of the pope)
86
SOWA for pilgrimage
'A pilgrimage is the most appropriate place for prayer' - CCC
87
Alternate opinions on Pilgrimage
**Protestants** have historically opposed pilgrimage. Joe Calvin was a famour protestant who would argue that going to visit shrines and sites was not true worship and distract from the actual purpose of worship. Some people believe worshipping the Virgin Mary is **Idolatry.**
88
What is Catholic Social Teaching?
Catholics try to live as closely as possible to Jesus' teaching of 'love your neighbour as yourself'
89
Justice, Peace and Reconciliation in CST
Justice - Catholics should treat others as they would like to be treated (fairly). Catholics should not discriminate against others. Peace - Allows people to live with one another and avoid conflict Reconciliation - People who dislike each other should try to reconcile and get along.
90
What is CAFOD?
The Catholic Agency for Overseas Development. It is an organisation that aims to help people in need.
91
What is the significance of the parable of the Sheep and the Goats?
It describes how those who use their free will to follow God and love others are separated from those who do not. These people are separated in preparation for final judgement.
92
What is Evangelism?
A practice that involves converting people to Christianity.
93
What is the structure of the bible?
The old testament with Law, Prophets and Writings (46 books or 39 for other denominations) The new testament with Letters and Gospels
94
Why do protestants reject 7 of the books?
They see them as 'Apocryphal' (of doubtful legitimacy)
95
List some roles of the bible
Catholics believe it reveals God's word and his nature. The Bible is partially read during liturgical worship It unites members of the same faith
96
Why is the bible significant?
It contains the 10 commandments It helps Christians to understand the significance of salvation Many Catholics believe the bible's authors were inspired by the holy spirit
97
What are some divergent attitudes about the Bible?
**Literalists** believe the bible is the literal and true words of God. **Conservatives** believe the bible is the inspired word of God, and therefore do not take every word to be the voice of God. **Liberals** believe the bible is simply words written about God. They still use it as a guideline but interpret its teachings in a more modern way.
98
Why is the Pope important?
He is the leader of the Roman Catholic Church and the Bishop of Rome. He is believed to be a direct successor to St Peter who lead the apostles. HE IS SEEN AS AN ADDITIONAL SOURCE OF WISDOM.
99
Is the authority of the Pope widely accepted?
No. Protestants deny the authority of the pope.
100
What years did the second Vatican Council Happen within?
1962 - 1965 (3 years)
101
What did the second Vatican Council address?
How the church should continue alongside the modern world. (e.g. Nuclear weapons, Technology, Advancement of Science)
102
What are some changes made after the Second Vatican Council?
The Laity had more involvement. Mass was now done in the local language. The altar was moved, so now the priest faced the congregation and the laity were part of the mass.
103
Why is the Church referred to as 'The body of Christ'?
The community of the church works as one 'body' under the head of Jesus Christ.
104
What are the four marks of the Church?
One, holy, Catholic and Apostolic
105
What does the word Catholic mean?
Universal. So therefore 'Catholic Christians' are Universal followers of christ.
106
How is Mary seen as a Model of the Church?
All her actions exemplified her faith in God. She faithfully agreed to give birth to Jesus, affirming that he is fully God and Fully Human. She is seen as the Mother of God, and by extension the Mother of the Church. She was conceived immaculately meaning she was free of original sin even from Birth.
107
What are sources of Ethical Decision Making?
**Divine Commandment Theory** - Things are right because God commands them to be. **Moral Absolutism** - The belief that actions are objectively and predeterminately Right or Wrong. **Moral Relativism** - The belief a verdict cannot be given on morality until context is considered (Subjective) **Situation Ethics** - Similar to moral relativism, it considers context before choosing right and wrong.
108
What are some common shapes for churches?
Cruciform - (cross shaped) Highlights the importance of the crucifixion. The top of this cross always faces **east.** Barn Style - Rectangular. The pulpit (enclosed platform where sermons are given) is the focal point. Circular - Some modern churches are curved to represent how all worshippers are equal. The altar is often in the centre to represent how the Mass is central to the faith.
109
Internal features of a Catholic Church
**Altar** - Eucharistic Worship is centered around this. It is the most important part of the mass and is positioned centrally and visibly **Tabernacle** - where the consecrated hosts are kept. It is positioned in the most 'worthy place with the greatest honour' (-CCC) because it is the actual body of Jesus **Lectern** - Where the bible is placed and read from. It is positioned so the word can be clearly heard. **Crucifix ** - Hangs either on or above the altar.
110
List some Sacred Objects.
Finger Bowl - Priests hands are washed here Incense Boat - Holds incense Paten - A gold and flat plate holding the bread Thurible - A container holding charcoal and incense held by a chain Chalice - A golden cup that holds the wine
111
What is the purpose of sacred art?
To show truth and beauty that brings attention to the mysterious nature of God.
112
Different views on statues
Many Statues are found in a catholic church. On the other hand very few are found in a Protestant church as they believe it is idolatry. Statues are not worshipped, but provide a focal point for worship.
113
Symbols for Christ
Alpha and Omega (based on Jesus' words from revelation) ChiRho - Greek symbols meaning christ Cross/Crucifix Ichtus - A fish
114
What are Mystery plays?
They cover narratives representing bible stories. They are often accompanied by song.
115
What are Miracle plays?
They tell the story of saints in the world. These would be very entertaining
116
Why is Music sometimes used during worship?
It excites and involves the congregation, allows faith to easily be interacted with and brings the community together. **ST AUGUSTINE** said that 'When you sing, you pray twice'

GCSE RE REVISION (3 decks)

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