Category Examples Flashcards
Bacterium
- Streptomyces faecilis
- pheromones used to aggregate
- functional so they can mate and their resistance to antibiotics increases
- sender and receiver same
Nudibranch (Navanax)
- lay down mucous trail for aggregation
- if attacked, changes substance to produce yellow alarm pheromone
- navenone: light sensitive and disintegrates quickly
Barnacle (Balanus balanoides)
- airate eggs until spring
- when food is around release hatching pheromone prostaglandin
- settling pheromone, arthropodin, also used by adults to help eggs settle
Blue Crab (Calinectes sapidus)
- pheromone is released in female urine to attract males
- male does mating dance and if accepted, carries female around until she molts and they can mate
Dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis)
- attractant: 2, 6 dichlorophenol, attracts males and females of all species
- mounting: cholesteryl oleate, waxy and stays put after blood meal (not species specific)
- copulating: fa with 14, 16, 18, 20 C, species specific and differences in concentration
Fowl tick (Argas persicus)
- aggregation: guanine
- if low humidity they come together to preserve moisture
- if high humdity they disperse
Leafcutter ant (Atta)
- use trail pheromones to go out and bring back leaf pieces
- use leaves to cultivate fungus
- small ants ‘travel’ on leaves to prevent parasitic flies from laying eggs
- waxy coating of bacteria (antibiotics) used to control mold
- also use alarm pheromone when nest under attack
Funnelweb Spiders
- males find females by following attractant pheromones
- males use pheromone to sedate female and allow copulation to take place
Queen Butterfly (Danaus)
- male uses toxic compounds from plant to produce denaidone
- using male hairpins, brushes female antennae with 20%
- if she accepts, they mate and he transfers the rest (80%) to her
- she uses this to protect her eggs from being eaten
European minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus)
- alarm system: H3O
- unstable in water, decomposes slowly
- located in outer layer of skin (mucus cells discharge alarm)
Red-spotted newt
- female pheromone attracts males
- male pheromone increases female receptivity
- sexually motivated males release pheromone that gets rid of other males
Red-bellied newt (Cynops pyrrhogastor)
- males produce female attractant sodefrin
- use tail to fan it towards female
Goldfish (Carassius auratus)
- females produce steroidal hormone 17, 20 p
- released as eggs mature and acts as pheromone to increase milt production in males
- female produces prostaglandins during ovulation which acts as male attractant and initiates spawning
Crested Auklet (Aethia cristatella)
- use pheromones in fragrant huddle
- able to distinguish each other, sex, age, sick, related
King Cheetah and Dwarf Mongoose
- marking territory with urine
- let’s others know his fitness levels
- does hand stand to mark trees
Black-tailed deer
- release alarm pheromone from hind legs
- also cocks ears, hisses, and stomps feet
What is flehman?
- when a deer (such as Mule Deer) swishes female urine to make use of their vomeronasal organ
What is rub urinating?
- when Black Tailed Deer release urine onto hindleg gland and rub legs together
- this allows others to identify them
Golden Hamster
- female rubs hind quarters in territory to attract males
- need mounting pheromone for copulating to happen especially for naive males
Rabbit (Leporidae)
- mother releases pheromone that guides pups to nipples
- more efficient for feeding since she only feeds 5 minutes a day
Marmosets and Tamarins
- one dominant pair reproduces
- dominant female suppresses other females reproductive activities through pheromones
- a strange male can inhibit the alpha female signal
- use scent marks to mark territory and communicate quality
