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Biochemistry > Catalysis Mechanisms > Flashcards

Catalysis Mechanisms Flashcards

1
Q

Cage Effect

A

Orientation of two or more substrates to Enzymes

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2
Q

Strain Effect

A

External strain is expressed on the enzyme in order to help the reactions along

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3
Q

Covalent Mechanism

A

Substrate gets covalently bonded to the enzyme

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4
Q

Acid-Base Mechanism

A

Characterized by the transfer of Protons

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5
Q

Metal Ion

A

A metal ion is used in order to promote proper orientation of bound substrates and may aid in redox reactions

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6
Q

Give an example of the Strain mechanism

A

A lysozyme uses strain to enhance breakage in bacterial cell walls. Lysozymes are found in saliva to destroy bacteria. The active site deforms the substrate (strain) in order to cleave the bond

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7
Q

Give an example of the Cage Effect mechanism

A

Citrate synthase–Two substrates are bound in the correct orientation for reaction

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8
Q

Give an example of the Acid-Base mechanism

A

Chymotrypsin is a gut enzyme that breaks down proteins and peptides. Has a covalent intermediate.

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9
Q

Give an example of the Covalent mechanism

A

Glyeraldehyde-3-Phosphate dehydrogenase

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10
Q

Give an example of the metal ion mechanism

A

Carbonic anhydrase uses Zn2+

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11
Q

How do you recognize the cage effect mechanism?

A

Multiple Substrates (at least 2)

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12
Q

How do you recognize the strain effect mechanism?

A

Physical strain on the substrate

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13
Q

How do you recognize the Acid-Base mechanism?

A

A proton is being transfered

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14
Q

How do you recognize the metal ion mechanim?

A

A metallic ion like Zn is actively participating in the reaction

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15
Q

How do you recognize the covalent mechanism?

A

Covalent bond formed between the enzyme and the substrate

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16
Q

How do enzymes increase reaction rates?

A
  1. Reduce the transition state energy
  2. Provide an alternate path for product formation
  3. Reduce entropy by binding and orientating multiple substrates
17
Q

What are cofactors?

A

Non-Protein compounds required for activity

18
Q

What are coenzymes?

A

Ligands - Non-protein compounds required for activity

19
Q

Should the change in Gibbs free energy be negative or positive for a spontaneous reaction?

A

NEGATIVE

20
Q

What energy conditions are favorable for reactions?

A

Reactions are favorable when the free energy of the products is lower than the reactants–NEGATIVE FREE ENERGY

21
Q

What is Energy of Activation (EA)?

A

A barrier to direct conversion of substrates to products

22
Q

How does the addition of an enzyme affect the energy of activation?

A

It lowers it considerably

23
Q

How does the addition of an enzyme affect the change in Gibbs free energy?

A

It doesn’t affect it at all. There is no change

24
Q

How does the enzyme lower the activation energy?

A

It stabilizes the transition state

Biochemistry (16 decks)

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