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CATA EXAM > CATA: Knee > Flashcards

CATA: Knee Flashcards

1
Q

Which meniscus helps knee stability while knee is flexed to 90 degrees?

A

medial

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2
Q

Outer menisci zone

A

Red-Red zone (best blood supply)

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3
Q

ACL stabilizes tibia against which movements?

A

IR + Hyper extension +ant translation *Secondary for Vargas and valgus
stress

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4
Q

PCL tantalizes tibia against which movements

A

IR + Hyperextension + ant translation

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5
Q

MCL prevents excessive what?

A

valgus + ER

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6
Q

MCL tears almost always tear the?

A

ACL

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7
Q

LCL taut during? and relaxed during?

A

Extension, Flexion

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8
Q

Gerdy’s tubercle =

A

Lateral tib tub

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9
Q

IT band becomes tense during:

A

Flexion + Extension

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10
Q

.Primary purpose of? is to attach medial meniscus to femur

A

Deep medial capsular ligament

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11
Q

Screw home mechanism

A

As knee extends, tibia externally rotates (rotation due to the medial
femoral condyle being larger) *must occur for full

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12
Q

First 15 degrees of extension

A

tibia externally rotates and the ACL Unwinds

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13
Q

Blood + fluid NOT usually apparent until after 24-hour period in what injury?

A

1st time knee sprain

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14
Q

Pain going up stairs may indicate:

A

Patella irritation + menisci tear

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15
Q

Genu Valgum Aka? Associated w/?

A

(Knock Knees) -associated w/pronated feet, tension on medial ligs +
compression on lateral ligs + tight IT band + weak external rotators

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16
Q

Genu varum aka associated w/?

A

Bowlegs Associated w/ hyperextended knees *rare in young patients

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17
Q

Genu recurvatum Compensation for?

A

(hyperextended knees)
Compensation for lordosis+ swayback + weakness and stretching of
hamstrings

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18
Q

Normal angulation of femoral neck Anteversion? Retroversion?

A

8-15 degrees
Increase in angle
Decrease in angle

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19
Q

General rule of tibial torsion

A

General rule - IR + ER should equal 100 degrees
*IR greater than 70 degrees
Possible hip anteversion

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20
Q

Hemarthrosis

A

Blood in joint

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21
Q

Swelling from bursitis, tendinitis, or injury to one of the collaterals ligs tends to
localize over the injured structure and then gradually migrates downward toward
the foot and ankle b/c of?

A

Gravity

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22
Q

Why is the MCL also tested at 30 degrees of knee flexion?

A

It is isolated at 30 degrees

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23
Q

Appleby’s distraction test results

A

Pain would only occur is LIGAMENTS are torn NOT meniscus (appley compression)

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24
Q

Why is Lachman’s test good to do immediately after injury?

A

it does not force knee into painful 90-degree range since it is 20-30
degrees of flexion

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25
Q

Jerk test

A

reverse pivot shift test

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26
Q

Positive pivot shift test? indicates what?

A

Clunk - determines anterolateral rotary instability

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27
Q

Normal Q -angles (male/female) Abnormal?

A

Female-15 , Male-10

Abnormal = 20+

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28
Q

A-angle measures what? abnormal angle?

A

Measures patellar orientation to the tibial tubercle 35 degrees +

29
Q

Football players should have % quad strength?

A

66-70%

30
Q

LCL resists what range?

A

Varus + IR

31
Q

LCL injury can also damage what?

A

Peroneal nerve

32
Q

ACL sprains occur mostly due to what type of mechanism?

A

non-contact. Athlete decelerating from a jump or forward running- foot
contacts ground w/heel or in a flat-foot position, w/little plantar flexion

33
Q

Trendelenburg sign increases chance of what Injury?

A

ACL

34
Q

Athlete decelerating and changing directions w/foot planted, kneed abducted and
contact from lateral posterior position into valgus causes what injury?

A

ACL

35
Q

Major strength factors for ACL prevention

A

Strong quad activation during eccentric contraction

36
Q

Dashboard injury =

A

PCL injury

37
Q

PCL injury mechanism

A

Knee flexed at 90 degrees- a fall w/weight on anterior aspect of the bent
knee w/ foot plantar flexed

38
Q

Focus for PCL injury rehab

A

quad strength

39
Q

Which meniscus has higher incidence of injury?

A

Medial

40
Q

Meniscus bucket handle tear

A

Stretching the anterior and posterior horns of the meniscus (Vertical longitudinal)

41
Q

Parrot beak tear

A

(Oblique tear) inner lateral meniscus tear from forceful knee extension w/
femur externally rotated

42
Q

Meniscus zone very unlikely to heal

A

White-white zone

43
Q

Knee plica 2 most common

A

Fetus has 3 synovial knee cavities, normally gradually absorbed to form 1
chamber but 20% of body’s, fail to absorb these (plica) *most common is
infrapatellar and 2nd is the suprapatellar

44
Q

Surgery required is knee plica is causing?

A

Chondromalacia

45
Q

Snap heard as knee passes 15-20 degrees flexion is major indication of what?

A

Knee plica *NOT meniscus

46
Q

Osteochondral knee fractures? Can lead to?

A

rotation/direct trauma compressing cartilage b/w med/lat femoral
condyles causing bone fracture
-Can lead to development of osteoarthritis
*If fracture fragment is still attached to bone, knee can be casted if not it
must be reattached within 10 days of injury or removed arthroscopically

47
Q

No activity for how many hours after joint contusion. What can happen if not
resolved within a week?

A

24 hours
a chronic condition of either synovitis or bursitis may exist, indicating need
for rest or medical attention

48
Q

Swelling in popliteal fossa may indicate a?

A

baker’s Cyst- associated with semimembranosus bursa and occurs under
medial head of gastrocnemius

49
Q

Bipartite patella What is this confused with?

A

Patella with 2 portions in 3% of pop *Often misdiagnosed by patella
fracture

50
Q

Patellar Subluxation or dislocation creates injury to what structures?

A

ACL + PCL and or P/ACL

51
Q

3 stages of chondromalacia patella

A

Stage 1: swelling and softening of articular cartilage
Stage 2: fissuring of the softened articular cartilage
Stage 3: deformation of the surface of the articular cartilage caused by
fragmentation

52
Q

LAST resort to rehab for chondromalacia patella

A

patella removal

53
Q

Where does degenerative arthritis 1st occur in a case of chondromalacia patella?

A

1st occurs in deeper portions of the cartilage

54
Q

Patellofemoral pain syndrome patients have apprehension when patella is forced
in what direction?

A

Laterally

55
Q

Key muscles to strengthen for PFPS

A

VMO + VL + hams + gastro

56
Q

Osgood vs Sinding

A

Osgood- tib tub attachment

Sinding- inf pole patella

57
Q

Rehab for Osgood and Sinding

A

Strengthening of quad and hams

58
Q

Patella tendonitis (jumpers knee) 3 stages

A

Stage 1 -pain after activity
Stage 2- Pain during and after activity
Stage 3 - Pain during activity and prolonged after activity

59
Q

Contraction of quads necessary for deceleration of lower leg during running

A

Eccentric

60
Q

Types of muscular strengthening progression

A

Isometric → isotonic (eccentric +concentric) → isokinetic → plyometric

61
Q

Hamstrings must contract what to decelerate lower leg in kicking motion

A

Eccentrically

62
Q

Runners knee

A

general expression for repetitive overuse conditions

*often attributed to malalignments

63
Q

Pes Anserinus Tendinitis or Bursitis is caused by?

A

Inflammation where sartorius gracilize and semitendinosus join to the
tibia results from excessive genu valgum and weakness of VMO

64
Q

IT band friction syndrome: what type of athletes? What causes this?

A

Runners and cyclist’s w/genu varum (bow legs) and pronated feet.
Irritation develops at the band’s insertion

65
Q

In patella tendon rupture, the tendon normally moves in what direction?

A

Upward towards thigh

66
Q

ER and IR both controlled by?

A

ER- biceps femoris

IR- semimem/tend + sartorious + popliteal + gracilis

67
Q

Muscles they supply above knee: Sciatic Nerve, Tibial Nerve, Femoral nerve

A

Sciatic Nerve - Biceps femoris
Tibial Nerve - Semimem/tend + pop + gastro
Femoral nerve -Anterior muscles

68
Q

What happens during the last 20 degrees of knee extension?

A

Rotation

CATA EXAM (6 decks)

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