CATA: Elbow Flashcards
What is the lateral condyle vs the medial condyle?
lateral- capitulum
medial- trochlea
Above each condyle is what?
Epicondyle
UCL (Medial Collateral Ligament) Relation to throwing, tennis and golf swings
mechanics Injured due to what?
Strong anterior band and weaker middle + transverse sheets
Resists valgus force during late cocking phase and early acceleration +
forehand stroke in tennis + Training arm in improper golf swing
injured w/excessive/repetitive valgus force
Injury associated w/paresthesia in ulnar nerve distribution
UCL injury
Why is the carrying angle developed? Female/male normal. Cubital valgus, Cubital varus?
Develops due to larger medial distal humerus female-10-15 male- 5-10 Cubital valgus - increased angle Cubital varus - decreased angle
Isosceles triangle in elbow made when?
W/elbow flexed to 45 degrees - 2 epicondyles and olecranon process
Positive pinch grip tests indicate?
Ant interosseous nerve b/w 2 heads of pronator
Tennis Elbow? Mechanism? S/S?
Lateral epicondylitis
Repetitive extension/flexion
Pain w/ active extension
Golfers Elbow? Mechanism? S/S?
Medial Epicondylitis
Repeated flexion of wrist and valgus stress *pitcher screw /curveball and
forearm stroke in racquetball
*associated w/ulnar pain radiating to medial forearm and fingers pain
w/active flexion
Panner’s Disease Progression? S/S?
osteochondritis in children 10 or younger around capitellum w/ localized
avascular necrosis leading to loss of subchondral bone
- if loose bodies are present, this becomes osteochondritis dissecans
Little leagues Elbow (5 types)
various repetitive microtrauma growth related injuries from pitching
1.accelerated apophyseal growth region and delay in medial epicondyle
growth plate
2. Traction apophysitis w/possible fragmentation of medial epicondylar
apophysis
3.Avulsion of medial epicondyle
4.Osteochondrosis of humeral capitellum
5.Nonunion stress fracture of olecranon epiphysis tightness of anterior
capsule, triceps weakness, locking/catching, decreased pro/supination
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
Cubital valgus may cause friction problem, ulnar nerve dislocation and or
impingement by arcuate ligament during flexion activities and fascial
bands can compress ulnar nerve in cubital tunnel
S/S- pain on medial elbow aspect, referred pain proximal or distally,
tenderness in tunnel during hyperflexion, intermittent paresthesia in 4th
and 5th fingers
Gunshock deformity
condylar fracture at elbow - forearm extended creating angle w/ upper
arm relative to long axis of upper arm resembling gunstock
Volkmann’s Contracture Irreversible? S/S
results from brachial artery injury associated w/ supracondylar fracture,
may be loss of motor or sensory function
-Irreversible muscle necrosis begins 4-6 hours after circulation impairment
-S/S-muscle degeneration most affected at middle 3rd of muscle and most
severe closer to bone, may become permanent, pain in forearm greater
when fingers passively extended
-pain followed by cessation of brachial and radial pulses
Pronator Teres Syndrome
Entrapment of median nerve either at or just above elbow or in pronator
teres where median nerve passes b/w superficial and deep heads of
muscle + may become entrapped due to edema and hypertrophy
