CAT

Question 1

ACCOMMODATION

Answer 1

is understood “as a process concerned with how we can reduce (and, in some cases, even magnify) communicative differences between people in interaction”

Question 2

Convergence

Answer 2

is a a strategy in which people adapt their communicative behaviours to become more similar to their partner in converstation in terms of
• a wide range of linguistic (e.g., speech rate, accents), • paralinguistic (e.g., pauses, utterance length), • and nonverbal features (e.g., smiling, gazing)

Preston’s (1981) research indicates that it is often considered with distrust and seen as controlling by the addressee.

Question 3

Divergence

Answer 3

is the strategy leading to an emphasis of speech and nonverbal differences between the self and the other.

Question 4

Maintainance

Answer 4

is a phenomenon similar to divergence, where a person persists in his or her original style, perhaps for reasons of authenticity or consistency, without taking into account the style of interlocutor (Bourhis, 1979; Soliz and Giles, 2016).

Question 5

PRINCIPLE I

Answer 5

Speakers will, up to an optimal level, increasingly accommodate the communicative patterns believed characteristic of their interactants the more they wish to
• Signal positive face and empathy; • Elicit the other’s approval, respect, understanding, trust, compliance, and cooperation;
• Develop a closer relationship; • Defuse a potentially volatile situation; or • Signal common social identities.

Question 6

PRINCIPLE II

Answer 6

When attributed (typically) with positive intent, patterns of perceived accommodation increasingly and cumulatively enhance recipients’
• Self-esteem; • Task, interactional, and job satisfaction; • Favourable images of the speaker’s group, fostering the potential for partnerships to achieve common goals;
• Mutual understanding, felt supportiveness, and life satisfaction; and • Attributions of speaker politeness, empathy, competence, benevolence, and trust.

Question 7

PRINCIPLE III

Answer 7

Speakers will increasingly nonaccommodate (e.g., diverge from) the communicative patterns believed characteristic of their interactants, the more they wish to signal (or promote)
• Relational dissatisfaction or disaffection with and disrespect for the others’ traits, actions, or social identities.

Question 8

PRINCIPLE IV

Answer 8

When attributed with (usually) harmful intent, patterns of perceived nonaccommodation (e.g., divergence) will be
• Evaluated unfavourably as unfriendly, impolite, or communicatively incompetent; and
• Reacted to negatively by recipients (e.g., recipients will perceive speaker to be lacking in empathy and trust).