Casualty Evaluation and Evacuation

Question 1

The objectives for casualty care are the

Answer 1

 Treatment of the casualty.
 Prevention of additional casualties.
 Completion of the mission.

Question 2

All involved casualties must be assessed initially, stopping only to treat

Answer 2

 The pulseless, non-breathing casualty.
 The casualty with massive bleeding.
 Those in coma or shock.

Question 3

The Marine providing assistance needs to begin assessing the scene and asking himself/herself the following questions

Answer 3

1. Is the scene safe?
2. How many casualties do I have?
3. Do I have any help?
4. Determine consciousness.
5. Call for help.
6. Position the casualty.
7. Open the airway.
8. Check for signs of breathing.
9. If no breathing, immediately give two rescue breaths.
10. Check for signs of circulation
11. What is the mechanism of injury (MOI)?
12. What caused the injuries?
13. How bad are the injuries?
14. Does the casualty have a C-spine injury?

Question 4

The four basic lifesaving steps are

Answer 4

 1: (A) Open the airway.
 2: (B) Check for breathing.
 3: (C) Check for signs of circulation.
 4: Treat for shock.

Question 5

Goals of a secondary assessment are to:

Answer 5

 Prepare the casualty or casualties for transport to the next level of care.
 Reassess all life threatening injuries and treatments.
 Manage problems associated with the airway and breathing.
 Ensure pressure dressings, bandages, splinting, or tourniquets are secure enough to withstand rough, rugged transport

Question 6

Consider the following in your secondary assessment:

Answer 6

 Level of consciousness:
 Airway: Is the airway still open?
 Breathing: Reassess the chest, insuring rise and fall during respirations
 Circulation:
 Reassess previous treatments:

Question 7

Head to Toe Assessment (DCAP-BTLS) is

Answer 7

Use the acronym DCAP-BTLS to guide the exam of the head, neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis, extremities and posterior body surface.

Question 8

DCAP-BTLS stands for:

Answer 8

 Deformities.
 Contusions.
 Abrasions.
 Punctures/penetrations.
 Burns.
 Tenderness.
 Lacerations.
 Swelling.

Question 9

The usual pulse rate in adults is

Answer 9

60 to 100 beats per minute; in children, 80 to 100 beats per minute.

Question 10

Usually respiration is between 12 and how many breaths per minute

Answer 10

20 breaths per minute

Question 11

Deep, gasping, labored breathing may indicate

Answer 11

partial airway obstruction or pulmonary disease.

Question 12

Normal body temperature is

Answer 12

98.6 degrees Fahrenheit (37.0 degrees Centigrade). The skin is largely responsible for regulating this temperature by radiation of heat from blood vessels near the skin and the evaporation of water as sweat.

Question 13

In casualties with deeply pigmented skin, color changes may be apparent:

Answer 13

 In the fingernail beds.
 In the sclera (white portion of the eye).
 Under the tongue.

Question 14

In lightly pigmented casualties where changes may be seen more easily, colors of medical importance are

Answer 14

Red
White
Blue

Question 15

Skin color red indicates

Answer 15

High blood pressure.

Certain stages of carbon monoxide poisoning

Heatstroke.

Question 16

White skin color indicates

Answer 16

insufficient circulation (there is literally not enough blood circulating in the skin) and is seen in casualties who are:
o In shock.
o Having an acute heart attack.
o In certain stages of fright.

Question 17

Blue skin color indicates

Answer 17

A bluish color, cyanosis, results from poor oxygenation of the circulating blood. As a result, blood is very dark, and the overlying tissue appears blue. Cyanosis is caused by respiratory insufficiency due to airway obstruction or inadequate lung function. It is usually first seen in the fingertips and around the mouth

Question 18

Constricted pupils are often present in

Answer 18

a drug addict or a casualty with a central nervous system disorder.

Question 19

Dilated pupils indicate

Answer 19

a relaxed or unconscious state; such dilation usually occurs rapidly, within thirty seconds after cardiac arrest.

Question 20

Failure of the pupils to constrict when a light shines into the eye occurs in:

Answer 20

 Disease.
 Poisoning.
 Drug overdose.
 Injury.

Question 21

AVPU stands for:

Answer 21

 Alert and awake. If casualty is alert, determine what happened.
 Responds to verbal stimuli.
 Responds to painful stimuli.
 Unresponsive. If the casualty is unresponsive, assessment and treatments will continue according to the casualty’s injuries.

Question 22

The inability of a conscious casualty to move voluntarily is known as

Answer 22

paralysis

Question 23

Casualties with certain conditions or injuries have a priority for treatment and transportation over others. The three categories in which a casualty may be sorted into are:

Answer 23

 Urgent.
 Priority.
 Routine

Question 24

Urgent injuries/problems include the following:

Answer 24

 Airway and breathing difficulties.
 Gunshot wounds.
 Spinal or pelvic fractures.
 Cardiac arrest.
 Uncontrolled or suspected severe hidden bleeding.
 Open chest or abdominal wounds.
 Severe head injuries with evidence of brain damage, no matter how slight.
 Several medical problems:
o Poisonings.
o Diabetes with complications.
o Cardiac disease with failure.

Question 25

Priority injuries include

Answer 25

 Burns without complications.  Major or multiple fractures.  Back injuries without spinal damage.  Heat/cold injuries—not counting heat stroke

Question 26

Examples of routine injuries are

Answer 26

 Injuries of a minor nature, i.e. sprains, small fractures, minor lacerations, etc.  Obviously mortal wounds where death appears reasonably certain.  Obviously dead.

Question 27

A mass casualty event is declared when

Answer 27

the number and nature of casualties exceeds the skill level, resources, and personnel of those present

Question 28

Casualties as a result of a chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear (CBRN) event are potentially contaminated and must be

Answer 28

segregated immediately as an initial step

Question 29

The multitudes of factors that will affect the ability to evacuate a casualty via ground or air transportation are:

Answer 29

``` o Availability of aircraft or vehicles. o Weather. o Tactical situation. o Mission. o Status of the casualties. ```

Question 30

Two methods of casualty reporting are:

Answer 30

 9-line Casualty Evacuation / Medical Evacuation (CasEvac/MedEvac) Request  Casualty Report (CasRep)

Question 31

9-line CasEvac/MedEvac Request

Answer 31

1. Grid coordinates of pick up site (8 digit grid). 2. Radio frequency/NET ID and call sign. 3. Number of casualties by precedence. 4. Special equipment requirement. 5. Number of casualties by type litter/ambulatory. 6. Security at pick up site. 7. Method of marking. 8. Patient nationality and status. 9. Additional information.

Question 32

Casualty Rep

Answer 32

1. Name, grade, SSN, unit. 2. Time of incident. 3. Location of incident. 4. Type of wound. 5. Location of wound. 6. Casualty status. 7. Casualty evacuation required? (Y/N). 8. Activity in which casualty engaged.