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First Aid > Casualty Assessment > Flashcards

Casualty Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

DR ABC DE

D = ?

A

Danger

assess the scene for risks

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2
Q

DR ABC DE

R = ?

A

Response
Assess the casualties responsiveness.
“Can you hear me?”
Gentle shake if no risk of spinal injury.

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3
Q

DR ABC DE

A = ?

A

Airways

Assess the casualty’s airway

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4
Q

DR ABC DE

B = ?

A

Breathing.

Assess the casualty’s breathing

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5
Q

DR ABC DE

C = ?

A

Circulation

Assess the casualty’s circulation.

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6
Q

DR ABC DE

D = ?

A

Dysfunction
Assess the casualty’s level of consciousness.
Use AVPU.

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7
Q

DR ABC DE

E = ?

A

Examination

Use SAMPLE, if unconscious head to toe examination.

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8
Q

What 3 things do you do to assess the airway?

A
  1. Look
  2. Listen
  3. Feel
    for obstructions, sounds or swelling.
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9
Q

Airway - swelling

Could be caused by …

A
  1. burns
  2. injury
  3. allergic reaction
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10
Q

Airway - gurgling

Could indicate …

A

A partial obstruction of the UPPER airway caused by fluid

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11
Q

Airway - snoring

Could indicate …

A

A partial obstruction of the UPPER airway often caused by the tongue.

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12
Q

Airway - grunting

Could indicate …

A

A partial obstruction of the lower part of the UPPER airway, commonly caused by swelling or foreign bodies.

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13
Q

Airway - wheezing

Could indicate …

A

A narrowing of the LOWER airways commonly caused by swelling, inflammation or fluid.

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14
Q

What 3 things do you do to assess breathing?

A
  1. LOOK for chest movement
  2. LISTEN for breath sounds
  3. FEEL for air on your cheek.
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15
Q

How long do you assess the breathing for?

A

10 seconds.

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16
Q

If the casualty does not have normal breathing, or is barely breathing or is taking infrequent noisy gasps, what must you do?

A

Move on to CPR.

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17
Q

Breathing - what 5 things are you observing?

A
  1. skin colour
  2. rate
  3. depth
  4. regularity
  5. chest movement
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18
Q

Breathing

Blueness of the skin indicates …

A

Poor oxygen levels.

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19
Q

Breathing

What is the normal breathing RATE for adults?

A

Between 12 and 20 breaths per minute.

Children are variable.

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20
Q

Breathing

How do you measure the depth of breathing?

A

Watch the movement of the chest, men tend to use abdomen more.

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21
Q

Breathing

What is regularity?

A

Is the casualty’s breathing regular, or irregular.

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22
Q

Breathing

What should you notice about the chest movement?

A
  1. It should be an even movement on both sides.

2. Is there any increased effort needed?

23
Q

Breathing
What 2 things should you do for a casualty who has flaring nostrils, uses neck or shoulder muscles to breathe or cannot complete a sentence in one breath?

A
  1. Give oxygen.
  2. Consider a divert.
    They are in RESPIRATORY DISTRESS.
24
Q

Circulation

What 5 things do you check for?

A
  1. Visible signs of bleeding.
  2. Pulse, if unconscious use the neck. Check for rate, strength and regularity.
  3. Skin temperature (warm, cool, clammy)
  4. Capillary refill. Press base of nail for 5 secs, blood should return within 2 secs.
  5. Signs of shock
25
Q

Circulation.

What is a normal resting adult pulse rate?

A

Between 60 and 100 beats per minute.

26
Q

Dysfunction - checking for response

What does AVPU stand for?

A

ALERT - ask a verbal question “Do you hurt anywhere?”
VERBAL - casualty can physically respond to verbal “open your eyes” “Squeeze my hand”
PAIN - pinch neck
UNRESPONSIVE - casualty is unconscious as does not respond.

27
Q

Dysfunction

4 things DILATED pupils can indicate…

A
  1. hypoxia
  2. drug/alcohol intoxication
  3. brain injury
  4. eye medication
28
Q

Dysfunction

3 things CONSTRICTED pupils can indicate …

A
  1. brain injury
  2. disease
    3 narcotic drug use (i.e. heroin/morphine)
29
Q

Dysfunction

2 things unequal pupils can indicate…

A
  1. can be normal

2. brain injury

30
Q

Dysfunction

2 things mis-shaped pupils can indicate …

A
  1. brain injury

2. eye injury

31
Q

How often should you repeat AVPU?

A

Every 10 minutes.

32
Q

Examination

Skull and scalp … 4 things

A

Bleeding
Swelling
soft areas
indentation

33
Q

Examination

Face … 3 things

A

Colour
temperature
state of face

34
Q

Examination

Eyes … 4 things

A

pupil size
pupil reaction
bleeding
bruising

35
Q

Examination

Nose … 1 thing

A

blood/fluid

36
Q

Examination

Mouth … 3 things

A

bleeding
loose or broken teeth
smell breath

37
Q

Examination

Lips … 1 thing

A

discolouration, especially blueness

38
Q

Examination

Ears … 1 thing

A

blood/fluid

39
Q

Examination

Neck … 5 things

A 
bruising
abnormalities
gently loosen tight clothing
stoma (tube in windpipe)
medical medallion
40
Q

Examination

Collar bone … 3 things

A

tenderness
unusual movement
grating bones

41
Q

Examination

Abdomen … 6 things

A 
wounds
bruising
clothing imprints
rigidity
tenderness
distension/swelling
42
Q

Examination

Pelvis … 2 things

A

fracture
damp clothing
(feel both sides of pelvic bone)

43
Q

Examination

Arms … 8 things

A 
observe movement
colour of finger nails
wounds
bruising
swelling
deformity
needle marks
warning bracelet
44
Q

Examination

Legs … 4 things

A

wounds
bruising
swelling
deformity

45
Q

SAMPLE

S = ?

A

Signs and symptoms

Look, listen, feel, ask

46
Q

SAMPLE

A = ?

A

Allergies

47
Q

SAMPLE

M = ?

A

Medication

48
Q

SAMPLE

P = ?

A

Past Medical History

Include diagnosed or not.

49
Q

SAMPLE

L = ?

A

Last food and drink

  • it may be the cause of the problem
  • they may need surgery
  • may be diabetic
50
Q

SAMPLE

E = ?

A

Extras

Any other information

51
Q

Passenger Medical Report Form

How many copies and which goes where?

A

2 copies.
The white copy stays with the passenger or goes to hospital with them.
The pink copy goes to the Cabin Manager who adds it to the CSR.

52
Q

Pulse

What does a weak pulse indicate?

A

Low blood pressure.

53
Q

Pulse.

What does a bounding pulse indicate?

A

High blood pressure.
(A bounding pulse is a pulse that feels as though your heart is pounding or racing. Your pulse will probably feel strong and powerful if you have a bounding pulse.)

First Aid (9 decks)

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