Castration Flashcards
Who gets castrated?
- Males
- Calves, lambs, and kids
Castration ideal age
- First month of life
Anesthesia for castration
- Intra-testicular lidocaine
3 COMMON methods of castration
a. Rubber ring
b. Bloodless castration (Burdizzo)
c. Surgery
When are bands typically applied?
- First week of life
Where should you apply elastrator bands?
- Over the testicles and spermatic cord
- Do not include the penis
- If you’re too cranial you can include the sigmoid flexure
Anesthesia for elastrator band
- Lidocaine will get you a couple of hours of anesthesia
How long does it take to castrate with a band?
- About two weeks
What is an uncommon but still present concern with banding?
- Tetanus
Burdizzo castration anesthesia
- Lidocaine testicular block
Burdizzo castration technique crush sites
- Pulling the cord over to the side you damage the least amount of skin possible
- Crushing the spermatic cord
Age for Burdizzo (from notes)
- up to 6 months potentially
What are the two surgical castration methods?
- Incision on lateral edge of the scrotum (for larger scrotums; after approximately 2 months )
- Cut off 2/3 of the bottom of the scrotum beneath the testicles (up to approximately 2 months)
Why do we tend to do the lateral incision on animals older than 2 months?
- Want to avoid cutting through the median raphe, which has a significant blood supply
- Most bleeding will come from this
- With a lateral incision, you won’t touch the median raphe
Castration procedure
- Depending on age either cut 2/3 of scrotum horizontally or slit from side
- Displace testes out of scrotal sac and strip fascia until cord left
- Option to open tunics or not - get better clamp on cord if open, but then it’s an open castration (higher risk of peritonitis)
- Emasculate so there is plenty of cord removed - “nut to nut” meaning wing nut on emasculator pointing towards or facing the testicle. Can infuse with lidocaine prior to putting emasculators on.
- Make sure adequate drainage
Nut to nut with the emasculator
- Cutting surface is towards the nut
- Crushing surface is between the cutting surface and the heart
- preventing bleeding from the heart side of things
Small ruminant castration differences
- Proportionately have a lot of tissue removed
- Often a little older because the benefit is that their urethra develops more fully, making it less likely to develop bladder stones or urolithiasis
What type of block for small ruminant castration?
- Intra-testicular local block
Small ruminant castration technique
- Surgical preparation
- Again, if older, cut on the lateral side of the vaginal tunic
- Strip out the testicle to isolate the cord
- Emasculate them or transfix the spermatic cord
- Leave the emasculator on for an extra minute (~2 minutes total)
Newberry knife
- Puts an incision in the median raphe
- Don’t cut the median raphe in an animal with large testicular mass
- Bottom part of the scrotum goes in
Emasculator open or closed technique?
- Open
- Stripping down the cord
Standing sedation - who for?
- Camelids
Anesthesia for camelid standing castration
- 0.1 mg/kg butorphanol IM 5-10 minutse prior to the procedure
- He infuses lidocaine into the testicular parenchyma until it feels turgid and firm
- Try to leave a bleb under the skin
Castration for camelid
- Two incisions made 1 cm off the median raphe to make it closed
- Strip out the testis
- Ligate it or emasculate it; he suggests transfixing
Recumbent camelid cocktail
- 10 mL ketamine
- 1 mL Butorphanol
- 1 mL 100 mg Xylazine
How much camelid cocktail does a llama get?
- 1mL/50lbs IM
How much camelid cocktail does an alpaca get?
- 1mL/50# plus 1 mL IM
Why do we castrate swine?
- Avoid boar taint and aggression
- Volatile compounds related to testosterone
- Pigs with testosterone are aggressive towards each other and towards the handlers
When do we do pig castrations?
- First 3 days of life
- Want it to be more than the first few hours of life
Anesthesia for pig castrations
- More than the first few hours of life
- They do respond to it
Swine castration procedure
- Two horizontal or two vertical incisions over the testes
- They try to do it closed
- Either hold them or cut them or emasculate them
- Typically done pretty rapidly
Immunocastration
- ~10 and 4 weeks prior to slaughter
- Anti-GNRH antibody vaccine
- Has to be given twice
- Not in the US yet
Ruminant urolithiasis
- More stones in intact camelids than small ruminants
- Individual animal related, including humans
- Propensity to develop stones in the bladder
- Balance of mucopolysaccharides and other factors
- Overall urine is supersaturated
- High calcium and high magnesium diets; access to water
- Any small ruminant presenting to the emergency service should be suspected of having a stone until proven otherwise
Sites of enlodgement for calves?
- Sigmoid flexure
Sites of enlodgement for lambs and goats?
- Urethral process, sigmoid flexure