Anesthetic drugs Flashcards
Only approved anesthetic drug in food animals
- 2% Lidocaine HCl
Butorphanol
- opioid
Butorphanol meat withdrawal tim**
4 days
Butorphanol milk withdrawal time**
3 days
Morphine meat withdrawal time**
14 days
Morphine milk withdrawal time**
2 days
Xylazine meat withdrawal time**
3 days
Xylazine milk withdrawal time**
2 days
Flunixin meglumine Label
- labelled for beef and dairy to control pyrexia (associate with BRD, mastitis) & inflammation (associated with endotoxemia)
- We use it ELDU all of the time
Butorphanol route
- IV or SC
Morphine route
- Inactivated in rumen
- IV or IM
Xylazine route
- IV or IM
Flunixin meglumine
- IV only
- Potential myonecrosis with IM injection
Flunixin meglumine meat withdrawal**
4 days
Flunixin meglumine milk withdrawal**
36 hours (cattle)
Banamine S usage
- Approved for swine
Banamine S route
- IM, in the neck
Banamine S withdrawal time**
12 day withdrawal period in swine harvested for human consumption
Aspirin approval
- Not approved, yet used widely in food animals
Aspirin route
oral
Aspirin meat and milk withdrawal time
24 hr meat and milk
Phenylbutazone usage in food animals
- CANNOT be used in female dairy cattle over 20 months
- DO NOT USE THIS
- Use strongly discouraged by FARAD and FDA
Phenylbutazone withdrawal time
- Long elimination half-life, high potential for residues
Meloxicam approval
- Not in US yet
- oral once a day
Meloxicam meat withdrawal time
21 days
Meloxicam milk withdrawal time
5 days
Meloxicam usage
- popular for osteoarthritis in ruminants and camelids
Gabapentin meat withdrawal
- 21 days
Gabapentin milk withdrawal time
- 3 days
Local anesthetic use in dehorning
- used with NSAIDs
Lidocaine HCl
- Dilute with water or 8.4% bicarbonate to decrease injection burn and help block Na channels
- Doesn’t work in an acidic environment (e.g. saline or in abscess)
Onset of lidocaine vs mepivacaine
- Lidocaine has a very fast onset (1 minute)
- Mepivacaine has a slower onset (3-5 minutes)
Duration of lidocaine vs mepivacaine
- Lidocaine (60-90 min.; with epinephrine more like 120-360 min.)
- Mepivacaine (70-140 min)
Lidocaine toxic dose
- 10 mg/kg***
How to reduce local anesthetic overdose of lidocaine?
- Dilute with bicarbonate or sterile water
- or use less
Toxic signs of lidocaine
- Hypotension, drowsiness/sedation, twitching and clonic spasms, respiratory depression, convulsions
Lidocaine HCl meat withdrawals large volume (paralumbar block)
- 4 days
Lidocaine HCl milk withdrawals large volume (paralumbar block)
- 3 days
Lidocaine HCl meat and milk withdrawals large volume (meat and milk)
- 24 hours
What is Nocita?
- Bupivacaine liposome injectable
- Extended release local anesthetic
Nocita cost
- Very expensive
