casey et al

Question 1

Define delay of gratification?

Answer 1

Resistance to temptation of an immediate pleasure ion hopes for a more better reqrd in teh long term

Question 2

Cognitive control

Answer 2

Congnitive control that aids delayed gratification is linked to the inferior frontal gyrus in teh profrontal cortex

Question 3

Aim

Answer 3

To investigate teh extent to which the ability to reist temptaion at preschool age affects the same partiaptns in teh adulthood

Question 4

Method

Answer 4

Longitudinal study, tracked form the age of 4 till 40

Question 5

Design

Answer 5

2 Quasi experiments

Question 6

Particpants

Answer 6

562 partipants from Stratford Bing Nursery aged 4 and completed teh original delayed gratification teaslk druing late 1960s
155 partipants completed the self control test in their 20s, reducing tro 135 partipants who undertook teh same measure in their 30s
Of those who either scored above or below in terms of delayed gratification and self control across all previous tests, 177 were contacted
59 partipated in experimetn 1
27 partipated in experiment 2

Question 7

Experimetn 1

Answer 7

32 high delayers adn 27 low delayers
Given consent to take part in hot and cold impulse task
Completed in homes
Instructed to either press a go button or not press it
Cool version included the presenation of faces. One sex was go the otehr sex was no go
Ps had to respond as quickly as they can
Each face appeared from 500 millisecond followed by a 1 second interval
The hot version involved facial expression including fearful and happy

Question 8

Experiment 2

Answer 8

Sample contained 15 high delayers and 11 low delayers
Ps were scanned with fmri whilst completing a hot version of the go/no go task
An electronic response pad was used to record repsonses to faciial stimuli and reaction times
48 trails were presented during each run
Each face appeared for 500 milliseoncds followed by intervals ranging from 2 seconds to 14.5 seconds
Researchers collected imaging data for 26 no go trials and 70 go trials per facial expression

Question 9

Experiment 1 results

Answer 9

Both groups responded accuratly to the two trials hot and cold conditions
Low delayers were more likely to respond mistnakenyly and perform slightly worse than teh high delayers in teh hot version of teh task

Question 10

Experimetn 2 results

Answer 10

Experiments gound no significant difference betyween teh two delay groups on reaction times in current go trials
Accuracy in both groups were high for go trials
There was high levels of actvity in th ventreal stratum for low delayers comapred t9o teh high dleayers

Question 11

Maths moment

Answer 11

In exerpiemtn , low delay partiapnts commited more false alarms (14.5%) than high delay partipants (10.9%)

Question 12

Concusipon

Answer 12

Resistance to temptaion appears to be relativley stable characteristic
Ventral frontostriatl circuity supports resistance to temptaionm, with ac ombination fo lowered activtyu in their frontal gyrus adn increased activity in teh ventral stratum in low delayers