CASES 6-11 Flashcards
(CASE6 - SBA)
Define - COPD
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Persistent respiratory symptoms due to airway obstruction which is not fully reversible
(CASE6 - SBA)
Define - intrapleural presque
- the pressure in the pleural space between the pleural membranes
- it occurs due to the pressure exerted by the chest wall and elastic recoil of the lungs
- creates -ve pressure as the chest-wall (outwards) and lungs (inwards) elastic recoil want to be pulled in opposite directions
(CASE7 - SBA)
Define - Immune system
a system of cells, molecules and organs that protect us against foreign bodies such as microorganisms, toxins, malignant cells and foreign bodies
(CASE7 - SBA)
Define - Immunity
the ability of an organism to resist infection
(CASE7 - SBA)
Define - Immune response
the reaction of cells and molecules of the immune system to the presence of a substance which is not recognised as part of the body
(CASE7 - SBA)
Define - Immunogen
any molecule that can introduce immune response
(CASE7 - SBA)
Define - epitope
is a small part of the antigen to which the antigen-binding sites of an antibody or T-cell receptor actually bind
(CASE7 - SBA)
Define - antigen
any foreign molecule that generates antibodies
(CASE7 - SBA)
Define - endemic
is a disease that’s always present in a certain population or region – malaria always found where mosquitoes are
(CASE7 - SBA)
Define - epidemic
an outbreak of a contagious disease that spreads rapidly and widely
(CASE7 - SBA)
Define - pandemic
epidemic over a wide geographic area and affecting a large proportion of the population
(CASE7 - SBA)
Define - antigenic shift
Result in an influenza A virus acquiring new H and usually new N protein
(CASE7 - SBA)
Define - antigenic drift
minor changes in H&N proteins by random mutations/substitutions
(CASE8 - SBA)
Define - bacteraemia
presence of bacteria in the blood
(CASE8 - SBA)
Define - systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)
is an exaggerated defence response of the body to a tissue damaging stressor (infection, trauma, surgery, acute inflammation, ischemia, malignancy) to localise and then eliminate the endogenous or exogenous source of the insult
requires 2 or more -
• Temp - <36° or >38°
• Pulse rate - 90/min
• RR - >20/min or PaCO2 32 mmHg
• WCC - <4
• Modified SIR -
• New confusion/drowsiness
• Blood glucose >7.7 mmol/L – if not diabetic
(CASE8 - SBA)
Define - sepsis
life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host response to infection
(CASE8 - SBA)
Define - septic shock
life-threatening condition that happens when your blood pressure drops to a dangerously low level after an infection
(CASE9 - SBA)
Define - anxiety
a feeling of worry, nervousness and uneasy about something with an uncertain outcome
(CASE9 - SAP)
Define - mental health
is a state of well-being in which an individual realises his or hers own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and is able to make a contribution to his or her community
(CASE9 - SAP)
Define - ill-health
a condition of inferior health in which some disease or impairment of function is present
(CASE9 - SAP)
Define - domestic abuse
any incident or pattern of incidence of controlling, cohecive or threatening behaviour, violence or abuse between those aged 16 or over who are or have been intimate partners or family members regardless of gender or sexuality
(CASE10 - SBA)
Define - major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
are used to recognise self from non-self in the immune system – enables T lymphocytes to recognise non-self invaders
