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SBA - definitions > 1-3 FOUNDATION > Flashcards

1-3 FOUNDATION Flashcards

1
Q

(FOUNDATION 1 - SBA)

Define - iso-osmolar

A

two solutions have the same osmolarity, meaning no water leaves or enters the cell

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2
Q

(FOUNDATION 1 - SBA)

Define - hypo-osmolar

A

is when a solution has a lower than usual osmolarity

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3
Q

(FOUNDATION 1 - SBA)

Define - hyper-osmolar

A

is when a solution has a lower than usual osmolarity

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4
Q

(FOUNDATION 1 - SBA)

Define - isotonic

A

when the intracellular osmolarity is the same as the solution osmolarity, so there is NO NET movement of water - the cell stays the same size

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5
Q

(FOUNDATION 1 - SBA)

Define - hypertonic

A

when the solution has an osmolarity greater than the intracellular, causing water to move out of the cell (the cell shrinks)

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6
Q

(FOUNDATION 1 - SBA)

Define - hypotonic

A

when the solution has an osmolarity less than the intracellular, causing water to move in to the cell (the cell expands)

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7
Q

(FOUNDATION 1 - SBA)

Define - moles

A

is an amount of a substance, an arbitrary unit based on the number of atoms in 12 g of carbon 12

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8
Q

(FOUNDATION 1 - SBA)

Define - molar

A

units of molarity (M), the number of mol of substance dissolved per litre (dm3) of solution

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9
Q

(FOUNDATION 1 - SBA)

Define - osmolarity

A

is the measure of solute concentration, defined as the number of osmoles of solute of solution (osmol/L or Osm/L) - the number of dissolved particles

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10
Q

(FOUNDATION 1 - SBA)

Define - osmolality

A

the concentration of a solution expressed as the total number of solid particles per kilogram - 1ml of H20 = 1g

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11
Q

(FOUNDATION 2 - SBA)

Define - hormones

A

are chemical messengers synthesised by specific tissues and secreted into the bloodstream and carried to non-adjacent sites in the body

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12
Q

(FOUNDATION 2 - SBA)

Define - endocrine system

A

cell signals to a distance of a chemical messenger released into the circulatory system

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13
Q

(FOUNDATION 2 - SBA)

Define - phase I metabolism

A

involves the chemical reactions (oxidation, reduction and hydrolysis)

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14
Q

(FOUNDATION 2 - SBA)

Define - phase II metabolism

A

involve reactions that chemically change the drug into compounds that are soluble enough to be excreted in the urine

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15
Q

(FOUNDATION 2 - SBA)

Define - pharmacodynamics

A

what the drug does to the body, the events consequent on interaction of the drug with its receptor or other primary site of action

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16
Q

(FOUNDATION 2 - SBA)

Define - therapeutic index

A
  • A ratio that compares the blood concentration at which a drug becomes toxic and the concentration at which the drug is effective
  • the larger the therapeutic index the safer the drug is to use
17
Q

(FOUNDATION 2 - SBA)

Define - affinity

A

the extent to which a drug binds to receptors at any given drug concentration

18
Q

(FOUNDATION 2 - SBA)

Define - efficacy

A

of an agonist is its ability to elicit a response after binding to the receptor

19
Q

(FOUNDATION 2 - SBA)

Define - potency

A
  • is a measure of drug activity expressed in terms of the amount required to produce an effect of given intensity
    • a highly potent drug produces a given response at low concentrations
    • a lower potency drug produces the same response only at higher concentrations
20
Q

(FOUNDATION 2 - SBA)

Define - agonist

A

is a ligand (drug, hormone or neurotransmitter) that binds to a receptor to cause a biological cellular response

21
Q

(FOUNDATION 2 - SBA)

Define - antagonist

A

binds to the agonist receptor but doesn’t activate it and blocks the agonist from binding

22
Q

(FOUNDATION 2 - SBA)

Define - partial agonist

A

are drugs that bind to and activate a given receptor, but have only partial efficacy at the receptor relative to a full agonist

23
Q

(FOUNDATION 2 - SAP)

Define - reflection

A
  • is space to think about positives and things that go wrong
  • its personal
  • Focused on learning from event and not clinical details, so it’s anonymised
24
Q

(FOUNDATION 2 - SAP)

Define - team working

A

refers to a group of two or more people working together to achieve a common goal

SBA - definitions (3 decks)

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