Case Unit 7 - Diagnostics

Question 1

What are VOCs?

Answer 1

Volatile Organic Compounds

Present in sweat, urine, breath , faeces

Question 2

How ctDNA be used to diagnose cancer?

Answer 2

Cell free circulating tumour DNA
DNA released into blood
Non-invasive, liquid biopsy
Membrane fragments in blood - surface antigens detected

Question 3

What does NIPS stand for?

Answer 3

Non-invasive prenatal screen for trisomy

Question 4

How does NIPS work?

Answer 4

~15% of cfDNA in pregnant women comes from embryo - cffDNA
Take sample
Conduct NGS
Compare fetal and maternal ratio of reads of chr21 and a control chr