Case Unit 5 - Models Flashcards
What is George Box’s quote regarding models?
All models are wrong, but some are useful
What is the animal model of PD? How is it made?
Marmoset
Given MPTP - toxin towards dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra
What are most models NOT useful for?
Determining the development/causes of disease
What are models useful for?
Testing treatments
What is the main disadvantage of using cells lines to study drug testing and physiology?
Can vary - susceptible to mutate over time
Do not represent the whole organism
What are the 5 main differences between cell lines and physiological environment?
2D vs 3D
Cell-cell contacts differ
Co-culture - cell culture usually only one cell type
Loss of complex signalling
Matrix rigidity - culture much harder than body
What is an organoid?
An in vitro 3D cellular cluster derived from primary tissue
What are the advantages of organoid use?
Capable of self-renewal/organisation
Exhibits similar organ functionality as the tissue of origin
How can a mouse be made diabetic using chemicals?
Chemical destruction of insulin-producing beta cells
What are the NOD and Lep ob/ob mice?
Non-obese diabetic mouse
No leptin obese mouse
Why does the CF mouse not exhibit CF? Why are pigs a better model of this disease?
In humans/pigs, ATPase is upregulated
Lots of H+ enter the mucous
Acidic conditions inhibit the immune response - leads to continual chest infections
This doesn’t happen in mice - still able to successfully clear
What is the SCID-NOD mouse? What can it be used for?
Completely non-functioning immune system
Allows for human tissue grafting
What is PDTX? Why is it useful?
Patient Derived Tumour Xenograph
Can test drugs - personalised medicine
Major limitation - missing immune system, doesn’t represent physiological conditions entirely
