Case Study River Tees Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Location?

A

North-east England

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Background info?

A

Source in Penine Mountains - flows east towards North Sea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Upper course: river valley - shape?

A

V shaped valley as due to river’s high altitude it has large amount of GPE and uses this energy to erode downward (vertical erosion) creating narrow steep-sided gorge.
The sides of gorge collapse due to their own weight and due to weathering creating a v-shaped valley.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Upper course: valley - interlocking spurs?

A

River is forced to wind around hills because it does not have enough energy to remove them by sideways (lateral) erosion so instead creates interlocking spurs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Upper course: landforms - waterfall?

A
  • High Force waterfall and gorge formed (tallest in England at 21M).
  • Made of cap of hard rock (Whinsill) and softer rocks below (limestone, sandstone and shale)
  • Soft rocks eroded more quickly causing undercutting and hard rock overhangs, eventually collapsing due to gravity
  • Waterfall retreats, creating a steep sided gorge
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Upper course: Landforms - pot holes at Low Force?

A
  • Pebbles of resistant Whinsill become trapped in hollows in river bed
  • As river flows over these pebbles it forces them to swirl around and bedrock is worn away by abrasion making hollow wider and deeper
  • These enlarged hollows are known as pot holes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Middle course: valley - shape?

A
  • Wider, flat bottomed valley
  • As river altitude decreases, the river has less GPE and so less vertical erosion occurs
  • Instead river uses energy to erode sideways (laterally) and river valley gets wider w flat valley floor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Middle course: valley - bluffs?

A

River has enough energy to erode laterally and wear away hills that protrude into the river valley (interlocking spurs).
This leaves a line of hills on either side of the river valley known as bluffs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Middle course: landforms - meanders?

A
  • Near Barnard Castle
  • Fast water on outside of bends in river erode rapidly (hydraulic action and abrasion) forming a river cliff
  • Slower water on inside of bends deposits material forming a slip-off slop
  • Bends in the river become more pronounced and sides of the river valley undercut, collapse and retreat so river valley becomes wider
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Middle course: Landforms - floodplain?

A
  • Near Barnard Castle
  • When the river level rises, the surrounding land is flooded
  • Sediment transported in suspension is deposited as the speed of the water flow decreases
  • Every time the river floods, a new layer of slit is added to the floodplain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Lower course: valley - shape?

A

Very wide, flat-bottomed w bluffs. The river continues to erode laterally, widening the river valley.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Lower course: landforms - levees?

A
  • When the river floods, the biggest, heaviest material is deposited first, closest to the original river channel
  • Over time this builds to form a bank on either side of each channel known as a levee
  • Depostion on the original river bed leads to it flowing above the height of floodplain
  • When river now floods, it can no longer flow back into river
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Lower course: Landforms - ox-bow lakes?

A
  • Close to Yarm
  • As meanders become more exaggerated due to erosion on outside and deposition on inside of bend, the meander neck narrows
  • Eventually river breaks through the neck often during time of high discharge (flooding)
  • Deposition in the entrance and exit to old meander results in it eventually being cut off as a crescent shaped lake called an ox-bow lake
  • Over time this dries out due to evaporation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly