Case Study: Phillipines As A Multi-Hazardous Environment Flashcards
What are the primary seismic hazards in the Philippines?
Ground shaking and ground rupture.
What are the secondary seismic hazards in the Philippines?
Tsunamis, landslides, and liquefaction.
What are the primary volcanic hazards in the Philippines?
Nuées ardentes, lava flows, pyroclastic flows, ash fall, tephra, and gases.
What are the secondary volcanic hazards in the Philippines?
Mudflows/lahars, acid rain, and landslides.
What are the primary tropical storm hazards in the Philippines?
High winds, heavy rain, and storm surges.
What are the secondary tropical storm hazards in the Philippines?
Landslides and flooding.
Why is the Philippines physically vulnerable to hazards?
Located on the Pacific Ring of Fire (subduction zone), high earthquake and volcanic risk; also lies in a tropical storm belt.
What human factors increase vulnerability in the Philippines?
Dense population, 60% in low-lying areas, deforestation, 75% poverty, limited resources (NEE, ~$3300 GDP/capita).
What were the social impacts of Typhoon Haiyan (2013)?
6000+ deaths, 2 million homeless, infrastructure damage, looting.
What were the environmental impacts of Typhoon Haiyan?
Flooding, mangrove destruction, sewage and oil contamination.
What were the economic impacts of Typhoon Haiyan?
Crop loss (50%), 30,000 boats lost, $2.9 billion damage.
What were the effects of the Bohol Earthquake (2013)?
200+ deaths, 800+ injured, services cut off, $50 million damage.
What happened in the Leyte landslide (2006)?
1000+ deaths, school buried, 4km rockslide debris.
What were the impacts of the Moro Gulf tsunami (1976)?
8000 died, 10,000 injured, 90,000 homeless.
What were the impacts of Mt Pinatubo eruption (1991)?
500 deaths, global temps lowered, crop failure from ash.
What were the impacts of Eastern Philippines flooding (2010)?
25 died, 450,000 displaced.
What were the impacts of the Luzon drought (2005)?
Loss of hydro power, decreased economic activity.
How did locals show resilience after disasters?
Rebuilding (e.g. Haiyan), adapting homes (elevated floors, upstairs kitchens).
What are examples of adaptation strategies in the Philippines?
Land-use mapping, typhoon-resistant housing (bamboo homes).
What are examples of mitigation strategies?
Aid agencies, sea walls, disaster training, limited insurance.
How is management handled in the Philippines?
Top risk-reduction laws (UN), 70% local spending on long-term plans.
