Hazard Knowledge Check

Question 1

There are three broad categories of natural hazard. Name them.

Answer 1

Geophysical
Atmospheric
Hydrological

Question 2

People’s hazard perception tends to be determined (affected) by two main types of factors. Name these.

Answer 2

Economic determinants
Cultural determinants

Question 3

There are six characteristic human responses to natural hazards. Name them

Answer 3

Fatalism (acceptance)
Prediction
Adjustment/adaption
Mitigation
Management
Risk sharing

Question 4

What five things do the characteristic human responses have a relationship to?

Answer 4

Hazard incidence (frequency)
Intensity
Magnitude
Distribution
Level of development

Question 5

Name the two models of human responses to natural hazards.

Answer 5

• The Park Model (also known as the disaster response curve)
• The Hazard Management Cycle

Question 6

In addition to the structure of the Earth and internal energy sources, knowledge is needed about plate tectonic theory of crustal evolution. List the seven components of this theory.

Answer 6

Tectonic plates
Plate movement
Gravitational sliding
Ridge push
Slab pull
Convection currents
Seafloor spreading (includes palaeomagnetism)

Question 7

Name the three main plate margins.

Answer 7

Destructive
Constructive
Conservative

Question 8

What are the two characteristic processes found at these plate margins?

Answer 8

Seismicity
Vulcanicity

Question 9

Name the six landforms associated with these plate margins.

Answer 9

Young fold mountains
Rift valleys
Ocean ridges
Deep sea trenches
Island arcs
Volcanoes

Question 10

Name the feature that has a relationship to plate movement but is not associated with plate margins.

Answer 10

Mantle plume

Question 11

What two things do you need to know about vulcanicity in general?

Answer 11

It’s nature (features and hazards linked to magma being forced into the crust)
Its relation to plate tectonics

Question 12

Identify the 7 main volcanic hazards.

Answer 12

Nuées ardente
Lava flows
Mudflows
Pyroclastic and ash fallout
Gases/acid rain
Tephra

Question 13

What 5 things do you need to know in relation to volcanic hazard events?

Answer 13

Spatial distribution
Magnitude
Frequency
Regularity
Predictability

Question 14

The impacts of volcanic hazards can be categorised in what specific ways?

Answer 14

• Primary and secondary
• Environmental, social, economic, political

Question 15

How are responses to volcanic hazards categorised?

Answer 15

Short and long term

Question 16

Risk management is used to reduce the impacts of hazards. Identify the four main features of risk management.

Answer 16

Preparedness
Mitigation
Prevention
Adaption

Question 17

Name the case study of a recent volcanic event and identify the knowledge focus.

Answer 17

Eyjafjallajökull, Iceland 2010
Focus is on impacts and human responses

Question 18

What two things do you need to know about seismicity in general?

Answer 18

It’s nature (features and hazards linked to the movement of tectonic plates)
It’s relationship to plate tectonics

Question 19

Identify the 5 main seismic hazards.

Answer 19

Earthquakes
Shockwaves (different types of seismic waves)
Tsunamis
Liquefaction
Landslides

Question 20

What 6 things do you need to know in relation to seismic hazard events?

Answer 20

Spatial distribution
Randomness
Magnitude
Frequency
Regularity
Predictability

Question 21

The impacts of seismic hazards can be categorised in what specific ways?

Answer 21

• Primary and secondary
• Environmental, social, economic, political

Question 22

How are responses to seismic hazards categorised?

Answer 22

Short and long term

Question 23

Risk management is used to reduce the impacts of hazards. Identify the four main features of risk management.

Answer 23

Preparedness
Mitigation
Prevention
Adaption

Question 24

Name the case study of a recent seismic event and identify the knowledge focus.

Answer 24

Gorkha Earthquake, Nepal 2015
Focus is on impacts and human responses