Case study - Nigeria Flashcards
Global importance
Main financial centre of the whole of west Africa
5th largest economy on the continent
International port and airport are important for global trade
National importance
Home to 80% of Nigeria’s industry as well as many global companies
Use to be capital city until 1991
WHY & HOW has Nigeria grown
3 main changes:
1 - PRIMARY SECTOR - used to be Nigeria’s largest sector but has fallen due to increase in farm machinery + better paid conditions in other sectors.
2 - SECONDARY - industrialisation & manufacturing under a stable Gov’t increased employment in oil production, construction, motor manu. and pharmaceuticals - derived from oil products.
3 - TERTIARY - Growth in communications retail and finance
4 - QUATERNARY - Hi Tech R&D
Additional Factors:
- Large English speaking population
- Investment in science & tech training
- Rapid increases in Tech
Challenges - Slums and squatter settlements
House construction cannot keep up with population growth. Prices too high for peeps = 66% in illegal settlements
Slum houses flimsy and are often demolished to clean up the city resulting in homelessness.
Challenges - Clean water, sanitation systems + energy
WATER
Only 40% of Lagos connected to state supply - there is high demand and short supply so peeps pay high prices to informal sellers.
SANITATION
Up to 15 households can use 1 toilet -
Waste flows → local water sources = health problems
🤢🤮😵
ENERGY
There not enough electricity to power the whole cities so neighbourhoods take it in turns - some use electricity from illegal connections
Challenges - Access to services : health + education
HEALTHCARE
Not enough facilities also too costly
SCHOOLS
Not enough for growing population too costly to send children
Challenges - Unemployment + crime
UNEMPLOYMENT
Not enough jobs forces people to scavenge
INFORMAL JOBS
60% of population of Lagos work in jobs with no legal protection
CRIME
High levels - slums patrolled by gangs
BOKO HARAM
Spreads fear through Nigeria and puts off potential investors
Challenges - Managing environmental issues
WASTE
- Eg Lagos produces over 9000T waste a day!! only 40% collected.
- Waste disposal and emissions not regulated → water and air pollution
POLLUTION
Traffic congestion - BAD
Limited public transport
Improving Quality of life for the urban poor - Political
Nigeria has a stable government but there are concerns that this stability will not last
Improving Quality of life for the urban poor - Economic
Reliable + better paid jobs in manufacturing + service. industries
Improvement to infrastructure e.g roads
Improving Quality of life for the urban poor - Social
Better quality healthcare + better equip hospitals
More money to spend on better diets so productivity in schools and work improves
Reliable electricity supplies provides lighting + heating and allows children light to do homework
More disposable income to spend on schooling, healthcare + improving homes
WHY & HOW has Nigeria grown - LAGOS SPECIFIC
- Britain colonised Lagos in the 1860’s
- Became independent in 1960 → Britain had no hold over the newly developing oil industry.
Rapid economic development took place as new government invested in manufacturing + construction projects.
What has caused population growth in Lagos
1 - Natural increase - higher than average birthrate - 35.2 per 1000 (average - 19 per 1000)
2 - Migration:
- 1200 immigrants enter Lagos every day from neighbouring countries,
- rural-urban migration from Northern Nigeria.
All are looking for a better quality of life and escape from conflict and/or poverty.
An example of a scheme to improve Quality of life in Nigeria - MAKOKO FLOATING SCHOOL - LAGOS
In 2013 - the school was created to offer education to some of Lagos’s poorest children.
SOCIAL BENEFIT - up to 100 kids educated FREE
ECONOMIC - School provided jobs for teachers
ENVIRONMENTAL - Built from locally sourced materials and was self sustaining (solar power and collected rainwater)
Social opportunities in Lagos
- More health care centres - better range of medicine
- 90% of children are in a primary school
- 20,000 schools in the state of Lagos
- Better accès to electricity - City uses 40% of the national supplies
- Water treatment plants provide safe water
