Case study LIC : Rio de Janerio Flashcards
Why is urbanisation occurring at a quicker rate in LICS
People are moving from rural areas to urban areas for more job opportunities and services (e.g. in Nigeria)
Why is urbanisation slowing down in HICS
They have already been urbanised during the industrial revolution
List some push factors
-Lack of services
-War
-Poverty
-Flooding
-Crop failure
-Lack of safety
List some pull factors
-Higher employment/better services
-More fertile land
-Good climate
-More wealth
-Political stability
-Lower risk from natural
Where is Rio
-Brazil’s Atlantic Coast at 23°S and 43°W
-It is around a natural bay Guanabuara Bay
-Used to be the Capital City
-It has famous mountain sugar Loaf Mountain
Why is Rio an important city
-Has a major port where the main exports are sugar, coffee and iron ore
-The Statue of Christ the Redeemer is one of the Seven New Wonders of world
-Brazil’s second most important industrial centre producing 5% of Brazil’s GDP
-4th richest metropolis in Latin America
-Hosted the 2016 Olympic Games
Outline the North Zone in Rio
-Main industrial and port area
-The international airport and Maracaña stadium are here
-Low quality housing and favelas
-Location of national park
Outline West zone of Rio
-Main olympic stadiums and competitor village for 2016
-Barra de Tijuca has become a wealthy coastal suburb with luxury apartments, malls and the tourist facilities
-Industrial area of Campo Grande has low quality housing around the steel works
Outline Centro area of Rio
-Oldest part of city
-Main shopping area
-Financial centre
-Headquarters of Brazils largest oil and mining companies
Outline South Zone of Rio
-Tourist main area with Copacabana beach
-Wealthy area dominated with luxury flats
-Overlooked by Rocinha the largest favela in South America
How is access to water a challenge for Rio
Around 12% of Rio’s population don’t have access to clean water and 37% of water is lost through leaky pipes and illegal access
How is access to energy a challenge for Rio
The whole city suffers blackouts due to a shortage of electricity. The growing population and olympic games have made the situation worse. Risky and unsafe illegal tapping into main supply.
How is access to healthcare a challenge for Rio
Only 55% of the city had a local family health clinic. Vulnerable people care was very poor. Infant mortality rates are 50/1000 and smoke harmful.
How is access to sanitation a challenge for Rio
30% of the population isn’t connected to a sanitation system and 48% of untreated sewage flows into Guanabara bay and some houses don’t have toilets.
How is access to education a challenge for Rio
Only 1/2 of all children continue education past 14 there is a shortage of teachers and nearby schools
Favela barrio project : Removing houses on steep slopes
People are relocated from steep dangerous areas to safe ones off steep hillsides so less danger of house collapse and it is safer for children
Favela barrio project : Education
-Adult night classes and training schemes have been introduced and are on offer to residents and there is free education for children and provides after school programmes
Favela barrio project : Improving infrastructure
Local infrastructure in and around the favelas have been improved so streets and roads have been widened and paved so access to areas in the favelas have been improved
Favela barrio project : Cable car
-Installed at the top of the Rocinha favela in 2011 to the centre of Rio and residents get one free return ticket a day and the journey for residents is reduced from 2 hours to 10 minutes
Favela barrio project : Self-Help schemes
-Residents are given bricks and other materials to improve their community and roads are improved and bin collection services introduced
Favela barrio project : Site and service scheme
Projects by local authority try relocate residents from favelas into brick houses houses with running water some residents can legally apply to own their property.
Favela barrio project : Police
300 police officers have been sent to patrol the favelas trying to identify the reduce crime and build ties with the local community
Favela barrio project : Health and leisure centres
-Health centres introduced to support people with drug and alcohol abuse
-day care centres for young children provide provide supervision.
