case study : ISTANBUL

Question 1

where is it located

Answer 1

north west of turkey

Question 2

what patterns of migration exist

Answer 2

1. Turkey has one of the largest immigrant populations. Over 40,000 people arrived in 2017 alone.
2. istanbul has a an estimated population of 15 million in 2019 making it a significant destination for migrants looking for work
3. most migration until the last decade had been rural-urban migration

Question 3

what are the challenges

Answer 3

1. Earthquake risk
   2.needs of over 15 million people (illegal migrabts make accurate census difficult)
   3.air quality - no congestion changes, zones not in place.
2. housing quality, poorer migrants creating squatter settlements.

Question 4

How are they trying to be sustainable

Answer 4

1. air quality has noticeably improved in recent years
2. New airport - hopefully more tourism
3. development of a metrobus - serves 750,000. passengers daily- 45 stations along 29km - passengers tend to walk to catch their bus allowing shops and cafés around the transport to run more successful bsuinesses.