Case study: Global governance, Afghanistan Flashcards
Why has Afghanistan’s development been held back?
Political instability
What is Afghanistan HDI? (2021)
0.478, decreased since 2020 by 0.005
What percentage of girls in Afghanistan have never received any education
30%
What is the infant mortality rate of Afghanistan?
46 per 1000 live births
How much was the average wage in 2022 and what is most employment in?
Average income per year was around £313. Most are employed in agriculture.
Describe briefly the conflict in Afghanistan.
The Taliban were unofficially in control of 90% of the country before 2001. Though intervention of the USA and allies overthrew them, they remerged in the south and continue to perpetrate human rights abuses.
As of 2015, describe NATO efforts to end the conflict.
by 2014, nato led troops officially completed their mission in Afghanistan. 10,000 advisory forced remained to train the afghan military. Nevertheless the Taliban resumed attacks in 2016, stating that they would not stop until foreign troops were out of the country entirely.
what does the Human Rights Watch say this period of renewed insurgency has caused (HR violations)
- Increased civilian and afghan forces casualties.
- Domestic violence towards women and continued inequity in access to employment and education.
-Disruption of presidential election
-extra-judicial executions
-Kidnapping, detentions and torture
-Food insecurity, partly fuelled by poppy cultivation, heroin production.
Describe UN intervention in Afghanistan. (unama)
The UN assistance mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA)was established by the security council in 2002 for peace and sustainable development.
They aim to:
- Promote respect for humanitarian and human rights laws
- Co ordinate efforts of all organisations
- Promote accountability
- Implement the freedoms and human rights provision in the afghan constitution and the treaties to which it is party
- Achieve full enjoyment of their rights, for women, displaced persons and refugees.
How has the national government of Afghanistan helped to govern human rights violations.
- Passed a law called the law on duties and structures of the independent elections committee to improve the democratic process.
-The elimination of violence towards women law 2009
-Attempts also being made for a quota of women in parliament
How is Afghan aid helping?
Involved in sustainable rural development strategies.
E.g. Ghor.
- In a geographically inhospitable region of the country.
- Serious gender inequality including the selling of daughters.
- Effects of conflict have also impacted sanitation and health.
Afghan aid
-co ordinates donor funding
- local groups are created to protect the right of communities (political, economical, social rights). Local people including women have greater freedom and are more integrated into society.
- In 2023, they built 26 schools , supported 16874 disabled children to go to schools.
What are the consequences of global governance in Afghanistan?
By 2014, nearly 6 million children were attending school and 40% of these were girls.
However, in 2021, the Afghani government collapsed in a matter of weeks. The Taliban take over increased poverty from 47-97% between 2020 and 2021
Subsequently, child marriage and selling organs increased. The increasing humanitarian crisis was made worse by drought, flash flooding, earthquakes and other natural disasters, some exacerbated by climate change.
extrajudicial executions also increased again.
The Taliban shut down the ministry of women affairs. Gender inequality was increased immeasurably.
Almost all institutions set up to address gender-based violence under the former government were shut down by the Taliban.
