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Nursing > Case Study Conditions 03/2022 > Flashcards

Case Study Conditions 03/2022 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the aetiology of angina?

A

Mainly atherosclerosis.

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2
Q

What is the pathophysiology of angina?

A

Arteries become hardened and narrower due to a build up of plaque. This can restrict blood flow to the heart, creating symptoms.

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3
Q

What are the risk factors for angina?

A 
High cholesterol
High blood pressure
Smoking cigarettes
Diabetes
Obesity
Family history of heart disease
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4
Q

What are signs and symptoms of Angina?

A 
Chest pain
Dull pain, ache or heavy feeling in chest
Nausea
Shortness of breath
Feeling lightheaded
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5
Q

What is the aetiology of colorectal cancer?

A

The exact cause for colorectal cancer is unknown

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6
Q

What is the pathophysiology of colorectal cancer?

A

Cancer is when cells in the body divide and multiply too rapidly. Colorectal cancer is likely caused by clumps of cells, called polyps.

Not every polyp is cancerous

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7
Q

Risk Factors of colorectal cancer

A 
Age >50
Family history - 1st degree relative
Diet, high in red and processed meat
Smoking cigarettes
Obesity
Inactivity
Digestive disorders - crohns
Genetics - FAP, HNPCC
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8
Q

Signs and symptoms of colorectal cancer?

A

Change in bowel habits
-more often
-looser/runnier
Abdominal pain, discomfort, bloating brought on by eating
Blood in stool not caused by haemorrhoids

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9
Q

What does COPD stand for?

A

Coronary obstructive pulmonary disease

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10
Q

What is the aetiology of COPD?

A

Smoking cigarettes
Fumes, dust, air pollution
Genetics- Alpha-1-antitrypsis

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11
Q

What is the pathophysiology of COPD?

A

COPD causes peripheral airway inflammation and narrowing of the airways. This leads to airflow limitation and the destruction and loss of alveoli, terminal bronchioles and surrounding capillary vessels

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12
Q

What falls under the COPD umbrella?

A

Chronic bronchitis

Emphysema

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13
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of COPD?

A 
Breathlessness/ SOB
Chronic cough
Frequent chest infections
Weight loss
Fatigue
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14
Q

Explain why breathlessness occurs with COPD

A

Narrowing/ swelling of the airway –> increase in respiration rate so that the body can increase oxygen intake. = breathlessness

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15
Q

What is the aetiology of type 1 diabetes?

A

Autoimmune reaction. The body attacks beta cells in the pancreas which are responsible for producing insulin

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16
Q

What is the aetiology/ pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes?

A

The pancreas is not creating enough insulin for the body to maintain blood glucose levels or the body is not able to use the insulin that has been produced

17
Q

What is the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes?

A

Immune cells attacking Beta cells. The body is no longer able to produce insulin with no Beta cells

18
Q

What are risk factors for type one diabetes?

A

Family history
Environmental factors, e.g exposure to viral illness
Geography

19
Q

What are the risk factors for type 2 diabetes?

A

Age >40
Genetics- close relative with condition
Obesity/ overweight
Ethnicity - South Asian, Chinese, African-Caribbean, Black African origin

20
Q

What are the sign and symptoms of diabetes?

A 
Feeling thirsty
Losing weight
Polyuria
Blurred vision
Cuts or wounds that heal slowly
Fatigue
21
Q

What is the aetiology of osteoarthritis

A

Damage to in or around the joints that the body can not fully repair

22
Q

What is the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis?

A

There is a progressive loss of articular cartilage, which contains connective tissue. This loss means that the bones are not able to move without friction. The loss of articular cartilage leads to friction which leads to inflammation which then leads to pain

23
Q

What are the risk factors for osteoarthritis?

A 
Age
Inflammation
Joint injury
mechanical stress-obesity
Neurological disorders
Genetics
medication
24
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis?

A

Joint tenderness
Increased stiffness/ pain in joints
joints appearing more ‘knobbly’ than usual
A grating or crackling sound in your joints
Limited range of movement in joints
Weakness and muscle wasting (loss of muscle bulk)

Nursing (6 decks)

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