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History Edexcel GCSE Crime & Punishment in Britain > Case Study 8: Jack the Ripper > Flashcards

Case Study 8: Jack the Ripper Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the names of the 5 women who were murdered by Jack the Ripper?

A
  1. Mary Ann Nichols
  2. Annie Chapman
  3. Elizabeth Stride
  4. Catherine Eddowes
  5. Mary Kelly
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2
Q

When were these women murdered?

A

In Autumn of 1888.

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3
Q

What investigative techniques did the police use to capture the murderer?

A
  • Photography and sketches
  • Interviews
  • Post mortems + coroners’ reports
  • Information
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4
Q

How did the police use photography and sketches to track down Jack the Ripper?

A

Photographs were taken at the scene of Mary Kelly’s murder and crime scenes were sketched.

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5
Q

How did interviews help the police investigate the Ripper murders?

A

Police visited houses, pubs and opium dens and interviewed more than 2000 people.

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6
Q

How did post mortems and coroners’ reports give the police more background on the murderer?

A

The mutilated bodies showed that Jack the Ripper had good anatomical knowledge.

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7
Q

How did the police appeal for information from the public?

A

They set up soup kitchens and distributed 80,000 leaflets about the Ripper case.

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8
Q

What three problems led to the police’s failure of catching Jack the Ripper?

A
  1. Rivalry between police forces
  2. Media
  3. Vigilance Committee
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9
Q

How were problems in the Ripper case caused by the rivalry between police forces?

A

At first, the Met and the City of London didn’t cooperate. On the night of one of the murders, anti- Semitic graffiti was found by City of London officers. Warren made a copy of the graffiti and washed it off the wall to prevent a riot against Jews. However, some believe he did this so they could capture the killer first.

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10
Q

What problems did the media cause for the Jack the Ripper case?

A

Attracted thousands of hoax letters such as the ‘Leather Apron’ which wasted the police’s time. Newspapers also criticised the police and stirred up racial hatred towards migrants.

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11
Q

How did the Vigilance Committee hinder the police’s attempts in capturing the killer?

A

They disrupted police investigations by sending false leads and encouraging criticism of the police in local papers.

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12
Q

What did the Vigilance Committee do?

A
  • Offered a small reward for information leading them to the killer
  • Patrolled streets every night with torches
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13
Q

Why was the Vigilance Committee set up?

A

Due to the police’s lack of progress in catching the Ripper.

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14
Q

What is a local source in the context of Whitechapel?

A

Local sources cover the history of Whitechapel in the late 19th century.

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15
Q

Name some local sources used in Whitechapel.

A
  • Housing and employment records
  • Council records
  • Census returns
  • Charles Booth’s surveys
  • Workhouse records
  • Local police records
  • Coroners’ reports
  • Photographs
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16
Q

What is a strength of using housing and employment records as a source?

A
  • Details where individuals stayed and worked
17
Q

What are two weaknesses of using housing and employment records as a source?

A
  1. Homeless people in Whitechapel would not be able to be traced
  2. Relies on individuals using the correct name
18
Q

What is one strength and one weakness of using council records as a source?

A
  • Provides information about the details of events in Whitechapel
  • Doesn’t document the experiences of individuals
19
Q

What are two strengths of using census returns as a source?

A
  1. Historians can find out how many people lived in the area (overcrowding)
  2. Shows who was living where at the time the census was taken
20
Q

What are two weaknesses of using census returns as a source?

A
  1. Individuals moved around a lot, making it difficult to trace their whereabouts
  2. Can be mistakes in the census
21
Q

What was Charles Booth’s work centred around?

A

In 1889, he employed 80 researchers to record poverty and living conditions across London.

22
Q

What are two strengths of using Charles Booth’s surveys as a source?

A
  1. The maps show where the poor lived and where Jewish migrants settled in ghettos
  2. Dedicated to his job
23
Q

What are two weaknesses of using Charles Booth’s surveys as a source?

A
  1. Doesn’t give reasons for poverty
  2. Doesn’t provide any detail about living conditions
24
Q

What is one strength of using workhouse records as a source?

A
  • Tell us the type of people who sought help at the workhouse
25
Q

What are two weaknesses of using workhouse records as a source?

A
  1. Do not tell us what happened to people after they left the workhouse
  2. Doesn’t record the individual experiences as inmates
26
Q

What are two strengths of using local police records as a source?

A
  1. Shows what duties were expected of police officers
  2. Provide information about victims and the crimes committed in Whitechapel
27
Q

What are two weaknesses of using local police records as a source?

A
  1. Witnesses might not have told the full story (if they were drunk)
  2. Might not include details leading up to an arrest
28
Q

What is a coroners’ report?

A

Information recorded by a coroner for investigations into a suspicious death.

29
Q

What is one strength and one weakness of using coroners’ reports as a source?

A
  • Documents the condition of the body when found
  • Doesn’t provide information about events causing the death
30
Q

What is one strength and one weakness of using photography as a source?

A
  • Provides an accurate, visual image of history
  • Doesn’t provide context to situation
31
Q

What is a national source?

A

A source that covers the whole history of Britain.

32
Q

What is a strength of using national newspapers as a source?

A
  • Provides information about notorious crimes in London
33
Q

What are two weaknesses of using national newspapers as a source?

A
  • Reported news in a sensationalist (exaggerated) style
  • Only extreme crimes made the national news
34
Q

What is one strength and one weakness of using records of crimes and police investigations as a source?

A
  • Contain information about criminal offences across the country
  • Petty crime was unlikely to be recorded
35
Q

What is the Old Bailey?

A

Was London’s most important criminal court.

36
Q

What are two strengths of using Old Bailey records as a source?

A
  1. Official documents that provide detail infromation about crimes
  2. Were created by someone who was impartial
37
Q

What are two weaknesses of using Old Bailey records as a source?

A
  1. Defendants may not have had good representation by lawyers
  2. Records can lack context of crime
38
Q

What was the Punch Magazine?

A

It was a weekly humorous magazine in the 19th century.

39
Q

What is one strength and one weakness of using Punch cartoons as a source?

A
  • Shows events in a simplfied way
  • Might show the views of the artist, so it lacks typicality

History Edexcel GCSE Crime & Punishment in Britain (13 decks)

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